Photo-thermal Nanosystems for Diseased Cell Treatment
Photo-thermal Nanosystems for Diseased Cell Treatment

Author: Vahid Raeesi

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The prevalence of cancer and infectious disease demands for development of more effective treatment technologies. Current standard chemo- and radiotherapy for cancer offer only relative therapeutic efficacy at the cost of significant side-effects. On the other hand, resistance of microbes to current antibiotics has raised serious concern in public health sectors such as hospitals. Thermal therapy is an alternative technique that employs high temperatures to treat diseased cells via direct and indirect heat effects. Owing to its nature, this technique can offer enhanced therapeutic efficacy in local diseased regions via either mono- or combinatorial platforms and very minimal side-effects. However, existing bulk heating systems are limited in providing selective and controlled temperature rise in the desired region at tissue/cellular scales. This compromises the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment and increases the risk of off-target heating in healthy tissues. In this thesis, we propose the use of heat-generating nanoparticles to precisely target heat into small regions and study how they can be applied in cancer and bacteria treatment. Our model nanoparticle system generates heat by light stimulation. Different nanosystems based on this particle are developed and their thermal effects on therapeutic distribution are explored at tumor tissue and cellular scales. In addition, the thermal effect of these nanoparticles is utilized to overcome microbial resistance. By mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle thermal effects at different length scales, this research helps to rationalize proper design and development of heat- generating nanomedicine for cancer and microbial treatments.

Photothermal Therapy
Photothermal Therapy

Author: Paresh Chandra Ray

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 159

ISBN-13: 9781536105759

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Editor Biography: Dr. Paresh C Ray, Professor of Chemistry at Jackson State University. His research group is heavily involved in cancer nanotechnology research that include development of new assay for CTCs detection from blood, exploring new chemical strategies for the multi-photon imaging and multimodal therapy of cancer cell, designing multifunctional nanomaterial for developing nanomedicine, and enhancing our understanding of biomolecular interaction with nanosurface. He has been author/co-author for over 160 peer-reviewed publications in international and national renowned journals. His group's work has been widely cited with h-index 49. He holds several US pending patent. His research has been funded by National Science Foundation, National Institute of Health, Army Research Office, Army Research Lab, Universal Technology Corporation. Book Description: Cancer metastasis is one of the greatest challenges for our society and is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Even in the 21st century, currently available therapies have very limited curative effects for metastatic cancers patients, where the five-year survival rate is only about 20%. Our society needs rapid, sensitive, and reliable cancer therapy which will help save millions of lives every year worldwide. There is no doubt that the development of nano-material based targeted therapy techniques are fast growing research areas for oncology, nanomedicine, chemistry, biology, biomedical engineering and other disciplines. Photo-thermal therapy is a minimally-invasive targeted therapy using bio-conjugated nanoparticles, in which photon energy is converted into heat to kill cancer. Over the last ten years, society has experienced a tremendous growth in the development and implementation of photothermal therapy for cancer. To summarize the recent growth, the first volume in the Photothermal Therapy: Mechanisms, Efficiency and Future Directions series discusses the development of different nanomaterial based photothermal therapy, which have the capability for targeted therapy using near infrared (NIR) light. It contains six chapters written by renowned experts in this area, covering from basic science to possible device design which can have immense applications in our society. This book is unique in its design and content, providing an in depth analysis of this scientific field to elucidate molecular mechanisms of photothermal therapy, engineering design for targeted therapy and the latest research on evolving therapeutic technology to tackle the challenges society is facing now due to cancer and other diseases. The readers will be very pleased to read the wide range of state-of-the-art targeted therapeutic techniques, which have been developed for targeted photo-therapy of cancer, drug resistance bacteria and viruses. Target Audience: The best audience will be students and faculties from academic institute. Doctors and medical students from medical schools also will be the buyer for this book. Employers from medical industry will be interested to find the latest technology for cancer therapy.

Recent Trends in Cancer Therapeutics
Recent Trends in Cancer Therapeutics

Author: Divya Khurana

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2024

Total Pages: 185

ISBN-13: 9819998794

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Zusammenfassung: This book describes the plasmonic photothermal-assisted multimodal cancer therapeutics in the area of cancer nanotechnology or cancer nanomedicine. This book covers the fundamentals of plasmonic photothermal cancer therapy as well as plasmonic photothermal mediated multimodal cancer therapy. The various steps involved in developing such therapeutic modality, viz. (a) the selection of suitable nanoparticles, (b) synthesis of multifunctional nanocomposite, (c) optimization of the photosensitizer and chemotherapeutic drug loadings, (d) characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite, and (e) therapeutic evaluations through novel tumor-tissue mimicking phantoms and the cancer cell lines are discussed in detail. Apart from the detailed description of therapeutic outcome, this book provides a step-by-step approach to develop a multifunctional nanocomposite for such therapeutics. Overall, this book provides simplified and in-depth information about cancer nanobiotechnology to the researchers and graduate students in subject areas of nanotechnology, biotechnology and pharmaceutics to develop and contribute to such multimodal cancer therapeutics

Photothermal Nanomaterials
Photothermal Nanomaterials

Author: Enyi Ye

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2022-01-26

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 1839162384

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This book covers the photothermal effect of different categories of light-absorbing nanomaterials.

Optical Interaction in Plasmonic Photothermal Therapeutics
Optical Interaction in Plasmonic Photothermal Therapeutics

Author: Vikas

Publisher: Mohammed Abdul Sattar

Published: 2024-01-24

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Cancer is a disease in which biological cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other organs of a patient. Cancer disease comprises of abnormal cells, which can develop in any part of the human body. Normally, cells grow and multiply in a controlled manner, and when these become old or damaged, then cells die i.e., known as programmed cell death or apoptosis. Sometimes this controlled process of cell growth or death breaks down and there is abnormal growth of cells which form tumors in the body. The tumor cells grow slowly and do not spread in the body are known as benign (noncancerous) tumors. When tumor cells grow rapidly, these spread throughout the body and are called malignant tumors (cancerous). While there is no one specific cause of cancer, factors such as smoking, excessive UV exposure from the sun or tanning beds, being overweight or obese, and excessive alcohol use can all contribute to the formation of cancerous cells in the body. A few emerging techniques such as immunotherapy, radio-frequency ablation, thermal ablation, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy and plasmonic photothermal therapy, show higher efficacy and long survival rates as compared to the conventional methods. Nanoparticles (1-100 nm in size) offer a biocompatible and biodegradable platform for cancer diagnosis as a contrast agent and as a cancer treatment through nanoparticle based thermal ablation or delivery of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. The light interaction of biological tissue provides a basis for a wide variety of biomedical applications, like non-invasive diagnosis (tumor detection, contrast microscopy, optical coherence tomography, etc.), treatment (laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, etc.), and monitoring of bio-parameters (pulse oximetry, glucose monitoring, etc.). The thermal ablation of the tumor by using light interaction of metallic nanoparticles is known as plasmonic photothermal interaction. This allows for tumor treatment with minimal side effects on nearby healthy tissue. This technique is critically governed by the optical characteristics of tissue as well as the variations in the properties during the interaction of light with the nanoparticles or tissue. For example, the efficacy of cancer treatment by plasmonic photothermal therapy mainly depends upon the light absorption by tumor cells and/or nanoparticles. Therefore, it is important to characterize the optical characteristics of tissue, especially in the presence of nanoparticles and at different stages of photothermal therapy for pre-treatment planning as well as improving the efficacy of the therapy.

Antimicrobial Nanosystems
Antimicrobial Nanosystems

Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-03-29

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13: 0323914004

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Antimicrobial Nanosystems: Fabrication and Development provides an in-depth review of nanotechnological advancements in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to counteract bacterial infections and related health issues. Functionalized nanomaterials and their processes are covered, along with the theory and fabrication of antimicrobial nanosystems. The potential applications of antimicrobial nanosystems are also discussed along with their challenges and commercialization. This book discusses the most frequent problems caused by resistant microorganisms and difficult-to-treat bacteria and highlights the impact of recently developed antimicrobial nanosystems. Various methodsto obtain efficient nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties are described, along with their advantages, challenges, and main applications. The design of targeting antimicrobial therapeutics, able to specifically detect pathogenic microorganisms and to act in a very specific manner, is thoroughly investigated. Discusses the most frequent problems caused by resistant microorganisms and difficult-to-treat bacteria Includes various methods to obtain efficient nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties that are described along with their advantages, challenges and main applications Covers the ability of microbes to adapt and select resistance, a major challenge in the design of alternative antimicrobial agents Provides various sections that illustrate the fabrication and development of antimicrobial nanosystems

Nanoparticle-mediated Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Nanoparticle-mediated Photothermal Therapy of Tumors

Author: Varun Paresh Pattani

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13:

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Cancer is one of the most notorious diseases affecting the human population today with very few effective treatments. Due to the disparate nature of cancers, it is difficult to obtain a treatment that can cure cancer. Thus, there is a large influx of research towards cancer therapies, leading to one of the discovery that cancer cells (tumors) have a low thermotolerance in comparison to normal cells. If the temperature of the cancer cells is increased into the hyperthermia range (~45°C) thermal damage occurs, causing cell death by protein denaturation and membrane disruption. A recent development in this field has been in the photothermal treatment of tumors, which is starting to utilize plasmonic particles to enhance the specificity of the treatment. The plasmonic nanoparticles, specifically gold, can reach the tumor site using passive targeting and when irradiated with a tuned laser will emit heat localized to a small region around the nanoparticle killing the surrounding cancer cells. This process has been shown to reduce tumor size in vivo with gold nanoshells and gold nanorods. However, it has not been shown which particle is better at delivering the heat to the tumor site. Therefore in this study, it will be shown which particle generates the most heat. Solutions of tissue simulating phantom and different concentrations of nanoparticles were irradiated with a laser to measure the increase in temperature. Additionally, simulations were performed using Mie Theory for nanoshells and the Discrete Dipole Approximation for nanorods. Based on the physical parameters of the nanoshells and nanorods used in this experiment, the adjusted absorption cross-section was determined. It was found that nanoshells generated the most amount of heat on a per particle basis, and that it was necessary to have a nanorod concentration of 5.5 times the concentration of nanoshells to generate the same amount of heat as nanoshells. These results were confirmed using Monte Carlo and Finite Difference Modeling of the nanoparticle heating experiments. However, the choice of nanoparticle still depends on the application and the targeting efficiency in vivo.

Advanced Nanoformulations
Advanced Nanoformulations

Author: Md Saquib Hasnain

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2023-03-24

Total Pages: 873

ISBN-13: 0323885799

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Advanced Nanoformulations: Theranostic Nanosystems, Volume Three examines the applications of nanotherapeutic systems and nanodiagnostics in relation to polymeric nanosystems. In the last decade, numerous biopolymers have been utilized to prepare polymeric nanosystems for therapeutic applications. These biopolymers include polylactic acid, polylactide-co-glycolide, polycaprolactone, acrylic polymers, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, chitosan, gellan gum, gelatin, albumin, chontroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, guar gum, gum Arabic, gum tragacanth, xanthan gum, and starches. Besides these biopolymers, grafted polymers are also being used as advanced polymeric materials to prepare many theranostic nanocarriers and nanoformulations. This book explores the array of polymeric nanosystems to understand therapeutic potentials. It will be useful to pharmaceutical scientists, including industrial pharmacists and analytical scientists, health care professionals, and regulatory scientists actively involved in the pharmaceutical product and process development of tailor-made polysaccharides in drug delivery applications. - Contains in-depth discussions of the advanced formulations using nanosystems including high-quality graphics, flowcharts, and graphs for enhanced understanding - Reviews the literature on advanced formulations while also suggesting new avenues - Includes contributions in all areas of advanced formulations, providing a thorough and interdisciplinary work

Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications
Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

Author: Chandra P. Sharma

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-08-22

Total Pages: 454

ISBN-13: 0323509231

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Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Biomedical Application reviews some of the most challenging nanosystems with different routes of delivery that are useful for specific drugs, from both efficacy and bioavailability points-of-view. The chapters explore how this area is developing, the present state of the field, and future developments, in particular, inorganic, metallic, polymeric, composite and lipid nanosystems and their possible evolution to clinical applications. The book is a valuable research reference for both researchers and industrial partners who are not only interested in learning about this area, but also want to gain insights on how to move towards translational research. - Focuses on applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative technologies, showing how nanosystems are used in practice - Explores how nanosystems are used to deliver a variety of drugs, including peptides, hormone growth factors and genes - Assesses the safety and nanotoxicity aspects of drug delivery nanosystems