Phase Separation in Two-phase Microfluidic Heat Exchangers

Phase Separation in Two-phase Microfluidic Heat Exchangers

Author: Milnes P. David

Publisher: Stanford University

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 151

ISBN-13:

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Two-phase microfluidic heat exchangers have the potential to meet the large heat dissipation demands of high power electronics and computing systems. Two-phase cooling systems face practical challenges brought on by the growth and advection of the vapor phase in the confined geometries, which lead to large pressure drops, increased thermal resistance and the formation of detrimental flow instabilities. One proposed solution to these issues is phase separation, whereby the vapor is locally separated from the two-phase flow through a porous hydrophobic membrane. This dissertation describes a series of studies conducted to develop an understanding of the factors that influence vapor separation and its impact on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of two-phase heat exchangers. Flow phenomena are a critical component in developing this understanding of phase separation. High speed visualization of adiabatic and diabatic vaporizing flows was carried out in a single 124[Mu]m by 98[Mu]m copper microchannel with a 65[Mu]m thick, 220nm pore diameter hydrophobic PTFE membrane wall. During adiabatic air-water flow, wavy-stratified and stratified flow dominated lower liquid velocities, while plug and annular type flows dominated at the higher velocities. Analysis found that air removal could be improved by increasing the venting area, increasing the trans-membrane pressure or using thinner, high permeability membranes. Diabatic water-vapor experiments with mass flux velocities of 140 and 340 kg/s-m2 and exit qualities up to 20% found that stratified type flows dominate at lower mass fluxes while cyclical churn-annular flow became more prevalent at the higher mass-flux and quality. The observed flow regimes are hypothesized to play a significant role in determining the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling. To study the impact of various geometric and membrane factors on the performance of a phase separating microchannel heat exchanger dissipating 100W of heat, a numerical model incorporating vapor separation and transport during two-phase flow boiling in a microchannel was developed. The impact of substrate thermal conductivity and thickness, membrane permeability and thickness, liquid channel density, liquid and vent channel diameter and vent-to-liquid channel diameter ratio was studied and compared for a standard non-venting heat exchanger, a vapor venting heat exchanger and a non-venting heat exchanger occupying the same increased volume as the venting heat exchanger. The numerical study found that the venting heat exchanger had improved pressure drop and device temperatures for all tested conditions when compared against a standard heat exchanger but only under very limited conditions when compared against the volumetrically equivalent non-venting heat exchanger. The study indicates that the best venting heat exchanger performance is achieved when the membrane conductance is of the same order or higher than that of the microchannel; this can be achieved through the use of thin high permeability membranes coupled with small hydraulic diameter microchannels. Finally, a study was conducted to explore the fabrication methods to build a vapor separating heat exchanger and to quantify the operating performance of multichannel silicon and copper phase separating devices. A copper parallel microchannel heat exchanger with nineteen 130[Mu]m square microchannels was built and tested at heat fluxes of up to 820 kW/m2 and water mass fluxes of between 102 and 420 kg/s-m2. Normalized pressure drop was improved by as much as 60% and average substrate temperature by a maximum of 4.4°C between the non-venting control and vapor venting device under similar operating conditions. Comparison between the experimental results and simulation predictions found higher than expected pressure drop improvements at higher mass fluxes and poorer heat transfer coefficients at the lowest mass flux. Based on the flow phenomena study these discrepancies are believed to be due to the mass flux and vapor quality dependent two-phase flow structures. The encouraging experimental and numerical results motivate further study into phase separation methods, materials and flow physics. The development of a high performance phase separating heat exchanger, with the thermal benefits of two-phase boiling flow and the hydraulic benefits of single-phase liquid flow, would strongly enable the adoption and application of two-phase heat exchangers to provide effective and efficient cooling for next generation high power computing systems.


Heat Exchangers

Heat Exchangers

Author: Abdelhanine Benallou

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2024-07-18

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 1786302861

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The last few decades have seen huge developments in the use of concentrated solar power plants, communications technologies (mobile telephony and 5G networks), the nuclear sector with its small modular reactors and concentrated solar power stations. These developments have called for a new generation of heat exchangers. As well as presenting conventional heat exchangers (shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers), their design techniques and calculation algorithms, Heat Exchangers introduces new-generation compact heat exchangers, including printed circuit heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, spiral heat exchangers, cross-flow tube-fin heat exchangers, phase-change micro-exchangers, spray coolers, heat pipe heat exchangers and evaporation chambers. This new generation of heat exchangers is currently undergoing a boom, with applications in on-board equipment in aircraft, locomotives, space shuttles and mobile phones, where the volume of the equipment is one of the most important design parameters.


Heat Exchangers

Heat Exchangers

Author: Laura Castro Gómez

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2022-03-23

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 1839697911

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The demand for energy to satisfy the basic needs and services of the population worldwide is increasing as are the economic costs associated with energy production. As such, it is essential to emphasize energy recovery systems to improve heat transfer in thermal processes. Currently, significant research efforts are being conducted to expose criteria and analysis techniques for the design of heat exchange equipment. This book discusses optimization of heat exchangers, heat transfer in novel working fluids, and the experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer applications.


Encyclopedia Of Two-phase Heat Transfer And Flow Iv: Modeling Methodologies, Boiling Of Co2, And Micro-two-phase Cooling (A 4-volume Set)

Encyclopedia Of Two-phase Heat Transfer And Flow Iv: Modeling Methodologies, Boiling Of Co2, And Micro-two-phase Cooling (A 4-volume Set)

Author: John R Thome

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing

Published: 2018-05-15

Total Pages: 1353

ISBN-13: 9813234385

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Set IV is a new addition to the previous Sets I, II and III. It contains 23 invited chapters from international specialists on the topics of numerical modeling of pulsating heat pipes and of slug flows with evaporation; lattice Boltzmann modeling of pool boiling; fundamentals of boiling in microchannels and microfin tubes, CO2 and nanofluids; testing and modeling of micro-two-phase cooling systems for electronics; and various special topics (flow separation in microfluidics, two-phase sensors, wetting of anisotropic surfaces, ultra-compact heat exchangers, etc.). The invited authors are leading university researchers and well-known engineers from leading corporate research laboratories (ABB, IBM, Nokia Bell Labs). Numerous 'must read' chapters are also included here for the two-phase community. Set IV constitutes a 'must have' engineering and research reference together with previous Sets I, II and III for thermal engineering researchers and practitioners.


Transport Phenomena in Micro Process Engineering

Transport Phenomena in Micro Process Engineering

Author: Norbert Kockmann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-11-12

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 3540746188

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In this book, the fundamentals of chemical engineering are presented with respect to applications in micro system technology, microfluidics, and transport processes within microstructures. Special features of the book include the state-of-the-art in micro process engineering, a detailed treatment of transport phenomena for engineers, and a design methodology from transport effects to economic considerations.


Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering

Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering

Author: Santana, Harrson Silva

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2019-01-18

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 1522571396

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Microfluidics represent great potential for chemical processes design, development, optimization, and chemical engineering bolsters the project design of industrial processes often found in large chemical plants. Together, microfluidics and chemical engineering can lead to a more complete and comprehensive process. Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of microfluidics and its application in chemical engineering with the intention of building pathways for new processes and product developments in industrial areas. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as design techniques, hydrodynamics, and numerical modelling, this book is ideally designed for engineers, chemists, microfluidics and chemical engineering companies, academicians, researchers, and students.


Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Author: Dongqing Li

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-08-06

Total Pages: 2242

ISBN-13: 0387324682

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Covering all aspects of transport phenomena on the nano- and micro-scale, this encyclopedia features over 750 entries in three alphabetically-arranged volumes including the most up-to-date research, insights, and applied techniques across all areas. Coverage includes electrical double-layers, optofluidics, DNC lab-on-a-chip, nanosensors, and more.


Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

Author: Bruce A Moyer

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-06-18

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 1351627511

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This volume will capture transformational changes in both the chemistry and engineering side of solvent extraction, creating new directions and deepening our understanding of the structure and dynamics of liquid-liquid systems from the molecular- to nano- to meso- to bulk-scale. Reviews will cover advances in microfluidics, new tools for understanding the structure and dynamics of the liquid-liquid interface, ionic liquids in liquid-liquid extraction, molecular dynamics to visualize interactions in the solvent phase, liquid-liquid electrochemistry to interrogate the energetics of interfacial transport and complexation, design of new extractants, and the streamlining of process applications.


Integrated Interconnect Technologies for 3D Nanoelectronic Systems

Integrated Interconnect Technologies for 3D Nanoelectronic Systems

Author: Muhannad S. Bakir

Publisher: Artech House

Published: 2008-11-30

Total Pages: 551

ISBN-13: 1596932473

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This cutting-edge book on off-chip technologies puts the hottest breakthroughs in high-density compliant electrical interconnects, nanophotonics, and microfluidics at your fingertips, integrating the full range of mathematics, physics, and technology issues together in a single comprehensive source. You get full details on state-of-the-art I/O interconnects and packaging, including mechanically compliant I/O approaches, fabrication, and assembly, followed by the latest advances and applications in power delivery design, analysis, and modeling. The book explores interconnect structures, materials, and packages for achieving high-bandwidth off-chip electrical communication, including optical interconnects and chip-to-chip signaling approaches, and brings you up to speed on CMOS integrated optical devices, 3D integration, wafer stacking technology, and through-wafer interconnects.


Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering

Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering

Author:

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-07-31

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783319266947

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This Handbook provides researchers, faculty, design engineers in industrial R&D, and practicing engineers in the field concise treatments of advanced and more-recently established topics in thermal science and engineering, with an important emphasis on micro- and nanosystems, not covered in earlier references on applied thermal science, heat transfer or relevant aspects of mechanical/chemical engineering. Major sections address new developments in heat transfer, transport phenomena, single- and multiphase flows with energy transfer, thermal-bioengineering, thermal radiation, combined mode heat transfer, coupled heat and mass transfer, and energy systems. Energy transport at the macro-scale and micro/nano-scales is also included. The internationally recognized team of authors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, bioengineering, electronics fabrication, energy, and manufacturing concerned with the influence thermal phenomena.