Phase Mapping of Human Biological Tissues
Phase Mapping of Human Biological Tissues

Author: Zhengbin Hu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-06-20

Total Pages: 81

ISBN-13: 9819932696

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This book presents numerical computer-aided smart-methods as part of a comprehensive statistical, correlation and fractal analysis of laser polarimetry data. It highlights relationships between polarization (azimuth distributions, polarization ellipticities, Stokes vector parameters, Mueller matrix elements) parameters of laser images of biological tissues of a human corpse in different spectral ranges and temporal dynamics of their postmortem morphological changes. The book discusses the effectiveness of correlation analysis of two-dimensional distributions of polarization inhomogeneous images of histological sections of the main types of biological tissues in determining the time of death. It also discusses the development of basic principles of phase measurements (phasometry) of microscopic images of biological tissues to determine the age of death and the time of hematoma formation. Also presented in the book are possibilities of complex laser spectral photopolarimetry images of histological sections of biological tissues of human corpse in different spectral regions, with the simultaneous development and substantiation of a set of statistical and correlational criteria for objective determination of the time of death.

Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids
Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids

Author: Zhengbing Hu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2024-01-03

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 9819982286

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This book presents experimental investigations and digital image processing, highlighting the interaction of polarized radiation with phase-inhomogeneous and optically anisotropic biological layers. The promising and efficient use of vector-parametric description of the formation of polarization-inhomogeneous object fields is noted. Applications of a set of Mueller-matrix polarimetry methods are highlighted. The book includes- structural and logical scheme of multi-parameter (singular, interference and layer-by-layer Stokes-polarimetric), polarization-correlation study of the structure of distributions of the number of singularities, maps of local contrast of interference distributions and layer-by-layer maps of microscopic polarization azimuth and ellipticity; determination of relationships between changes in the magnitude of statistical parameters characterizing polarization-correlation distributions and pathology of prostate tumors.

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics
Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics

Author: Waldemar Wójcik

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-07-20

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 1351578952

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For many centuries, people have tried to learn about the state of their health. Initially, in the pre-technological period, they had to rely only on their senses. Then there were simple tools to help the human senses. The discovery of X-rays, which allowed people to look “inside” the body, turned out to be a major breakthrough. Contemporary medical diagnostics is increasingly being assisted by information technology that allows, for example, thorough image tissue analysis or pathology differentiation. They also allow very early preventive diagnostics. Influenced by information technology, “classic” diagnostic techniques change and new ones arise. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics presents selected and extended conference papers from Polish, Ukrainian and Kazakh scientists. They address problems of the application of new methods of image processing for analysis of medical images, new methods of classification of medical data as well as new medical imaging methods. Some of the presented technologies are inspired by the functioning of living organisms. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics is of interest not only to academics and engineers, but also to professionals involved in biomedical engineering, and seeking for solutions for issues that cannot be solved with the help of “traditional” technologies.

Electrical Properties of Tissues
Electrical Properties of Tissues

Author: Rosalind Sadleir

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-10-28

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 3031038738

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This book covers the latest developments in tissue electrical conductivity and current density imaging, increasingly popular as well as challenging applications of MRI. These applications are enabled by the acquisition of high-quality MR phase images. This book provides a practical description of the MRI physics needed to understand and acquire phase images in MRI and the key details required to reconstruct them into conductivity, current density or electric field distributions. Comprehensive details are provided about the electrical properties of biological tissues, computational modeling considerations, experimental methods, construction of non-biological and biological phantoms and MRI pulse sequences. An inclusive review of image reconstruction algorithms, and their potential applications is provided for applications directed at determining current density or electric fields, such as in transcranial DC or AC stimulation techniques; as well as electrical conductivity reconstructions that may be of use in quantitative MRI applications used to detect cancer or other pathologies. This is an excellent book for undergraduate and graduate students beginning to explore phase, current density, and conductivity imaging in MRI, and will also be of great use to researchers interested in the area of MR-based electrical property imaging.

Polarization Correlometry of Scattering Biological Tissues and Fluids
Polarization Correlometry of Scattering Biological Tissues and Fluids

Author: V. T. Bachinskyi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-04-08

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 9811526281

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This book presents a new diagnostic approach that utilizes complex statistical, correlation, fractal, and singular analysis of spatial distribution of the Stokes vector of scattered polarized light in different diffraction zones. The technique is able to identify changes in the distribution of optical axes and the birefringent indices of multi-layered fibrillar networks of biological tissues. The book also presents various scenarios for the formation of polarization singularities in laser speckle images of phase-inhomogeneous, multi-layered biological tissues in terms of the characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images. Moreover, in the context of potential diagnostic applications, it discusses the states of polarization singularities and their changes associated with the pathological abnormalities of the extracellular matrix of human tissues, its spatial peculiarities and structural orientation.

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II
Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II

Author: Waldemar Wójcik

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-02-13

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0429615493

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For many centuries, mankind has tried to learn about his health. Initially, during the pre-technological period, he could only rely on his senses. Then there were simple tools to help the senses. The breakthrough turned out to be the discovery of X-rays, which gave insight into the human body. Contemporary medical diagnostics are increasingly supported by information technology, which for example offers a very thorough analysis of the tissue image or the pathology differentiation. It also offers possibilities for very early preventive diagnosis. Under the influence of information technology, 'traditional' diagnostic techniques and new ones are changing. More and more often the same methods can be used for both medical and technical diagnostics. In addition, methodologies are developed that are inspired by the functioning of living organisms. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II is the second volume in a series showing the latest advances in information technologies directly or indirectly applied to medical diagnostics. Unlike the previous book, this volume does not contain closed chapters, but rather extended versions of presentations made during two conferences: XLVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference ‘Application of Lasers in Medicine and Biology’ (Kharkov, Ukraine) and the International Scientific Internet conference ‘Computer graphics and image processing’ (Vinnitsa, Ukriane), both held in May 2018. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II links technological issues to medical and biological issues, and will be valuable to academics and professionals interested in medical diagnostics and IT.

Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues
Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues

Author: Zhengbin Hu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-06-16

Total Pages: 107

ISBN-13: 9819917344

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This book highlights the results of numerical computer-aided smart methods as part of a comprehensive statistical, correlated, and fractal analysis of laser polarimetry. It includes a comprehensive approach to differentiation of lifelong or postmortem origin of injuries and determination of their antiquity based on the analysis of statistical and spatiotemporal frequency evolution of photometric, polarization, and phase parameters of laser images of histological sections of the skin of biomannequins. It discusses the relationship between the coordinate distributions of the intensity of laser images from skin tissues of biomannequins and the nature of its damage. It presents the analysis of relationships between changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization images of histological skin sections and the time intervals after injury. Complex differentiation of lifelong and postmortem skin injuries of biomannequins and establishment of their time intervals throughout the entire monitoring interval of changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of phase shifts between orthogonal components of the amplitude of laser images of a series of corresponding histological sections are also presented in this book.

MRI of Short and Ultrashort-T_2 Tissues
MRI of Short and Ultrashort-T_2 Tissues

Author: Jiang Du

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 3031351975

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Zusammenfassung: This book comprehensively covers ultrashort echo time (UTE), zero echo time (ZTE), and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques for imaging of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues. MRI uses a large magnet and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. The MRI signal is characterized by two time constants, spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) which describes how fast the longitudinal magnetization recovers to its initial value after tipping to the transverse plane, and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) which describes how fast the transverse magnetization decays. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues with relatively long T2s. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as cortical bone, menisci, ligaments, tendons, the osteochondral junction, calcified tissues, lung parenchyma, iron containing tissues, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort-T2s. These tissues are "invisible" with conventional MRI, and their MR and tissue properties are not measurable. UTE and ZTE type sequences resolve these challenges and make these tissues visible and quantifiable. This book first introduces the basic physics of conventional MRI as well as UTE and ZTE type MRI, including radiofrequency excitation, data acquisition, and image reconstruction. A series of contrast mechanisms are then introduced and these provide high resolution, high contrast imaging of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues. A series of quantitative UTE imaging techniques are described for measurement of MR tissue properties (proton density, T1, T2, T2*, T1p,magnetization transfer, susceptibility, perfusion and diffusion). Finally, clinical applications in the musculoskeletal, neurological, pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are described. This is an ideal guide for physicists and radiologists interested in learning more about the use of UTE and ZTE type techniques for MRI of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry SIMS V
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry SIMS V

Author: Alfred Benninghoven

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 578

ISBN-13: 3642827241

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This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Confer ence on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS V), held at the Capitol Holiday Inn, Washington, DC, USA, from September 30 to October 4, 1985. The conference was the fifth in a series of conferences held bienni ally. Previous conferences were held in Miinster (1977), Stanford (1979), Budapest (1981), and Osaka (1983). SIMS V was organized by Dr. R.J. Colton of the Nayal Research Lab oratory and Dr. D.S. Simons of the National Bureau of Standards un der the auspices of the International Organizing Committee chaired by Prof. A. Benninghoven of the Universitat Miinster. Dr. Richard F.K. Herzog served as the honorary chairman of SIMS V. While Dr. Herzog is best known to the mass spectrometry community for his theoretical development of a mass spectrometer design, known as the Mattauch-Herzog geometry, he also made several early and impor tant contributions to SIMS. In 1949, Herzog and Viehbock published a description of the first instrument designed to study secondary ions pro duced by bombardment from a beam of ions generated in a source that was separated from the sample by a narrow tube. Later at the GCA Cor poration, he brought together a team of researchers including H.J. Liebl, F.G. Riidenauer, W.P. Poschenrieder and F.G. Satkiewicz, who designed and built, and carried out applied research with the first commercial ion microprobe.