Petroleum Refining, Industry's Outlook Depends on Market Changes and Key Environmental Regulations
Petroleum Refining, Industry's Outlook Depends on Market Changes and Key Environmental Regulations

Author: U.s. Government Accountability Office

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-07-28

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13: 9781973969488

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" The U.S. petroleum refining industry-the largest refining industry in the world-experienced a period of high product prices and industry profits from the early 2000s through about 2007. Since the recession of 2007 to 2009, the industry has been in transition. Federal and state agencies regulate petroleum refining and the use of petroleum products to protect human health and the environment, as well as for other purposes. EPA, DOT, and California recently proposed or strengthened five key regulations, including EPA and DOT's coordinated fuel economy and GHG vehicle emission standards, and EPA's RFS, which has required that refiners and others ensure transportation fuels include increasing amounts of renewable fuels such as ethanol produced from corn. GAO was asked to provide information on the domestic petroleum refining industry. This report examines: (1) major changes that have recently affected the industry and (2) the future of the industry. GAO reviewed information including studies by agencies and consultants and company financial filings; interviewed stakeholders, including agency officials and representatives of refiners and environmental organizations; and reviewed forecasts by the Energy Information Administration and others. "

Petroleum Refining
Petroleum Refining

Author: Frank Rusco

Publisher:

Published: 2014-05-16

Total Pages: 71

ISBN-13: 9781457854538

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The U.S. petroleum refining industry -- the largest refining industry in the world -- experienced a period of high product prices and industry profits from the early 2000s through about 2007. Since the recession of 2007 to 2009, the industry has been in transition. Federal and state agencies regulate petroleum refining and the use of petroleum products to protect human health and the environment, as well as for other purposes. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Dept. of Transportation (DOT), and State of California recently proposed or strengthened five key regulations, including EPA and DOT's coordinated fuel economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) vehicle emission standards, and EPA's Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), which has required that refiners and others ensure transportation fuels include increasing amounts of renewable fuels such as ethanol produced from corn. This report examines: (1) major changes that have recently affected the domestic petroleum refining industry and (2) the future of the industry. Figures. This is a print on demand report.

U.S. Oil Refining Industry: Background in Changing Markets and Fuel Policies
U.S. Oil Refining Industry: Background in Changing Markets and Fuel Policies

Author: Anthony Andrews

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 43

ISBN-13: 1437943063

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This report begins by looking at the current production capacity of the oil refineries operating in the United States, and the sources and changes in crude oil supply. It then examines the changing characteristics of petroleum and petroleum product markets and identifies the effects of these changes on the refining industry. The report concludes with discussion of the policy and regulatory factors that are likely to affect the structure and performance of the industry during the next decade.

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining

Author: Mohamed A. Fahim

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2009-11-19

Total Pages: 513

ISBN-13: 0080931561

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Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining

New Forces at Work in Refining
New Forces at Work in Refining

Author: D. J. Peterson

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 9780833034366

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Reports the results of discussions with representatives of refining firms, technologies and services providers, research institutions, and other organizations on current and future trends in the U.S. refining industry. Discussants were generally optimistic about the future of the industry but were concerned about the effects of environmental regulations. They recommended that the Department of Energy assume a more prominent policy role on refining and fuels issues.

Cumulative Impact of Environmental Regulations on the U. S. Petroleum Refining, Transportation and Marketing Industries
Cumulative Impact of Environmental Regulations on the U. S. Petroleum Refining, Transportation and Marketing Industries

Author: Barry Leonard

Publisher:

Published: 1998-10-01

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9780788172991

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Discusses the potential effects of new environmental regulations under consideration that could affect the petroleum industry's contributions to the economy -- reducing investment in capacity and new technologies, making domestic refiners less competitive in the global marketplace, increasing imports of refined products, increasing consumer prices for products such as gasoline and heating oil, and reducing industry employment. Contents: current environmental requirements; future requirements on refining industry; and future requirements on transportation and marketing industry. Extensive appendices detail cost development models.

Environmental Issues Related to the Petroleum Refining Industry
Environmental Issues Related to the Petroleum Refining Industry

Author: Cheng Seong Khor

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 15

ISBN-13: 9780803186811

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Environmental considerations are increasingly affecting the profit margins of petroleum refineries and thus ought to be taken into account in the design and operations of refineries. This chapter is divided into three main parts, each addressing the three major types of environmental pollution related to the operations of a petroleum refinery: water pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution. The structure adopted in the systematic exposition of these different pollution types typically begins with the sources and characteristics of the pollutants and the consequences or effects that these pollutants bring about. Next, the related environmental regulations are covered in general. Subsequently, the associated reduction, control, and treatment technologies for the removal of the pollutants are presented in light of the legislative requirements. In the spirit of keeping up with up-to-date developments, the paper also discusses how the refining industry is reacting to global concerns over climate change as induced by greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, as part of a suite of measures in the framework of refinery environmental management. The chapter concludes with a general outlook of the shape of events to come, particularly in view of the anticipated impending massive effects of global climate change.