Pesticides in Crop Production

Pesticides in Crop Production

Author: Prabhat Kumar Srivastava

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-04-27

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1119432197

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A guide to the diversity of pesticides used in modern agricultural practices, and the relevant social and environmental issues Pesticides in Crop Production offers an important resource that explores pesticide action in plants; pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals; bioaccumulation of pesticides and sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides. The authors explore pesticide risk assessment, the development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes and pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. The authors include information on eco-friendly pest management. They review the impact of pesticides on soil microorganism, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and terrestrial animals including human beings. The book also contains an analysis of pesticide by GC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues. This important book: Offers a comprehensive guide to the use of the diversity of pesticides and the pertinent social and environmental issues Explores the impact of pesticides from morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives Shows how pesticides affects soil microorganisms, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and animals Critically examines whether chemical pesticides are boon or bane and whether they can be replaced by environmental friendly pesticides Written for students, researchers and professionals in agriculture, botany, entomology and biotechnology, Pesticides in Crop Production examines the effects of chemical pesticides and the feasibility of using bio-pesticides.


Pesticides in Crop Production

Pesticides in Crop Production

Author: Prabhat Kumar Srivastava

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-02-10

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1119432200

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A guide to the diversity of pesticides used in modern agricultural practices, and the relevant social and environmental issues Pesticides in Crop Production offers an important resource that explores pesticide action in plants; pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals; bioaccumulation of pesticides and sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides. The authors explore pesticide risk assessment, the development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes and pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. The authors include information on eco-friendly pest management. They review the impact of pesticides on soil microorganism, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and terrestrial animals including human beings. The book also contains an analysis of pesticide by GC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues. This important book: Offers a comprehensive guide to the use of the diversity of pesticides and the pertinent social and environmental issues Explores the impact of pesticides from morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives Shows how pesticides affects soil microorganisms, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and animals Critically examines whether chemical pesticides are boon or bane and whether they can be replaced by environmental friendly pesticides Written for students, researchers and professionals in agriculture, botany, entomology and biotechnology, Pesticides in Crop Production examines the effects of chemical pesticides and the feasibility of using bio-pesticides.


Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1993-02-01

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 0309048753

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Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.


The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-11-02

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 0309172942

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Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.


Regulating Pesticides in Food

Regulating Pesticides in Food

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1987-02-01

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 0309037468

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Concern about health effects from exposure to pesticides in foods is growing as scientists learn more about the toxic properties of pesticides. The Delaney Clause, a provision of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, prohibits tolerances for any pesticide that causes cancer in test animals or in humans if the pesticide concentrates in processed food or feeds. This volume examines the impacts of the Delaney Clause on agricultural innovation and on the public's dietary exposure to potentially carcinogenic pesticide residues. Four regulatory scenarios are described to illustrate the effects of varying approaches to managing oncogenic pesticide residues in food.


Application Of Pesticides To Crops

Application Of Pesticides To Crops

Author: Graham A Matthews

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company

Published: 1999-11-10

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 1911298127

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Pesticides continue to provide an important tool in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Hitherto IPM programmes have had a strong bias towards insect control, but farmers need to control weeds, plant pathogens and other pest problems.This book follows the author's successful “pesticide application methods” by relating the equipment needs to the overall pest control requirement of major crops. It outlines the pest problems against which farmers are using pesticides and focusses on the details of the application techniques they need to optimise pesticide use.Much attention is now being given to genetically modified crops, but these do not necessarily avoid the use of pesticides. Some are engineered to be resistant to certain herbicides, so the use of these herbicides will still require careful application in order to minimise environmental side effects. Similarly, crops engineered for resistance to certain insect pest species may remain susceptible to other pests, thus emphasising the need for crop monitoring and careful use of any chemicals to avoid disrupting biological control.


Pesticides in Crop Production

Pesticides in Crop Production

Author: Paul Igboji

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2016-07-30

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13: 9781536806854

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The use of pesticide in crop production is inevitable for a hungry world. The majority of world population are hungry, malnourished and hopeless, especially in sub-saharan africa, latin america and asia. For them anything can go for food when it comes to hunger and starvation. The soils in most of these places are impoverished and agricultural output is low. There are many incidences of tropical pests and diseases. All the farmers clamour for improved yield, no matter the means. For them government should not only provide fertilizers and pesticides but highly subsidize or make them free. If increased soil fertility and yield means pouring fertilizer and pesticides to agricultural fields without recourse to rates and soil test, they are ready and free to do so, as little or no regulations are enforced to regulate their use. Nevertheless, if wishes are horses, every developing world farmer will be king. Their wishes are not backed by financial and government power and wherewithal. You see three million farmers competing for 100 bags of fertilizers and 100 liters of pesticide per year with empty pockets. To them the grammar of pesticide in crop production: environmental implications and future challenges are capacity building workshop/seminar grammar where farmers come to wrestle with government and consultant facilitators on breakfast/dinner and envelope money. To them, that is their share of national or international donor cake, because after the workshop there will never be fertilizer or pesticides for their needs. Rather, the facilitators have fulfilled their legal and formal job of pocketing national or foreign donor money into their private bank accounts in the name of bribery and corruption, sometimes including nepotism and all the English in the world.Nevertheless, in developed world who are free from hunger and starvation, in addition to all the agricultural inputs and finance they need for maximum production; they know that all eyes are on them. What they do will make or mare their business. Since the farmers and investors do not want to loose their money as a result of product bycut or seizure and destroy; they operate under the ambient of the law. On the other hand no investor in developed world wants to be idle or engage in unprofitable business. Hence, all hands must be on deck to maintain maximum output and control price at national and international markets. No wonder Meermann et al (1997) lamented that even after 35 years of Rachel Carson publication of "silent spring" with devastating account of the effects of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, the one sided push for increased output continues. Thus, nature is controlled to this end and reliance on pesticide has not diminished. According to the author, in northern countries, the environmental movement, followed hesitantly by government regulation, has had some impact on stabilizing and perhaps curbing agrochemicals; but in the south, the use of pesticides has increased and chemical companies aggressively expand their markets. However, the search for reliable alternative pest management methods will continue to face farmers, investors and scientists in this century even as pests develop resistance to some available pesticides in midst of transgenic crops. Till that feat food production at extra scale must go on using contaminant level pesticides and avoiding or banning pollutant level pesticides.


Pesticide Interactions in Crop Production

Pesticide Interactions in Crop Production

Author: J. Altman

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 977

ISBN-13: 1351092359

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Pesticide Interactions in Crop Production: Beneficial and Deleterious Effects evaluates the effects of pesticides on plants by exploring the physical, chemical, biological, and ecological interactions of pesticides that influence a crop. The effects of pesticides on the environment and on the crop pests themselves are considered as well. Specific topics addressed include iatrogenic responses, the fate of pesticides applied to cereals under field conditions, the persistance of pesticides on target crops, the effect of pesticides on soil symbionts, and the role of ecological agriculture on conventional and organic cropping systems. Pesticide Interactions in Crop Production: Beneficial and Deleterious Effects will be an important volume for agriculturalists, phytologists, mycologists, soil biologists, plant pathologists, tropical ecologists, arboriculturalists, and other researchers interested in the effects of pesticides on crops and soil.


Pesticide Use in U.S. Agriculture

Pesticide Use in U.S. Agriculture

Author: Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Pesticide use has changed considerably over the past five decades. Rapid growth characterized the first 20 years, ending in 1981. The total quantity of pesticides applied to the 21 crops analyzed grew from 196 million pounds of pesticide active ingredients in 1960 to 632 million pounds in 1981. Improvements in the types and modes of action of active ingredients applied along with small annual fluctuations resulted in a slight downward trend in pesticide use to 516 million pounds in 2008. These changes were driven by economic factors that determined crop and input prices and were influenced by pest pressures, environmental and weather conditions, crop acreages, agricultural practices (including adoption of genetically engineered crops), access to land-grant extension personnel and crop consultants, the cost-effectiveness of pesticides and other practices in protecting crop yields and quality, technological innovations in pest management systems/practices, and environmental and health regulations. Emerging pest management policy issues include the development of glyphosate-resistant weed populations associated with the large increase in glyphosate use since the late 1990s, the development of Bt-resistant western corn rootworm in some areas, and the arrival of invasive or exotic pest species, such as soybean aphid and soybean rust, which can influence pesticide use patterns and the development of Integrated Pest Management programs.