Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk

Author: Rainer Malisch

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-11-12

Total Pages: 697

ISBN-13: 3031340876

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This open access book reviews the trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk and discusses the main findings of five global surveys that were coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) from 2000 to 2019. Human milk was selected as core matrix for human exposure under the Global Monitoring Plan for effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Milk from well-defined groups of mothers was collected and mixed to form a representative sample per country. Datasets collected represent the largest global human tissues survey with a harmonized protocol, carried out in a uniform format for more than two decades. Altogether 69 countries participated in these studies between 2000 and 2015, and more than 40 countries participated in the study from 2016 to 2019. Divided into 5 parts, the book offers an authoritative overview of human milk biomonitoring; collates the harmonized sampling requirements and analytical methods for the identification and quantification of contaminants in human milk; examines the results of the WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies, including the identification of selected chlorinated pesticides, dioxin-like compounds, industrial chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated paraffins, polybrominated POPs and PFAS, among others; and traces geographic, temporal and cross-substance trends and correlations, and human health risks. The book finishes by providing the reader with the summary of the main findings and outlook from these studies, in which the comparison of concentrations found for the wide range of POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention allowed the identification of possible needs for actions and follow-ups in different countries/regions. This book contributes to the understanding of exposure to hazardous chemicals and pollution as addressed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals on Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3) and will appeal to environmental and analytical chemists, researchers, professionals, and policymakers interested in learning more about contaminants in human milk. Given its breadth, this book will also appeal to a broader audience interested in maternal and child health.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Levels in Human Milk and Food
Persistent Organic Pollutants Levels in Human Milk and Food

Author: Ott Roots

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The main reason for analysing toxic compounds from surroundings (including food) is the will to determine how dangerous they are to people and the living environment. Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in humans are not as well researched as far as number of other organism. Breast milk is interesting for two reasons. Results can be used to describe the mother's exposure, and to assess the risk to the infant as a consumer. The POPs content of mother's milk, collected from mothers in the Tallinn region, has been studied by Roots (1986, 1996) in 1984. A comparison of the results of this study with those obtained in Estonia between 1971 - 1974 has indicated that DDT concentrations in breast milk are 5 - 20 times lower than those between 1971 - 1974.

Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk
Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk

Author: Allan Astrup Jensen

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1990-11-20

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 9780849366079

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Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk contains a comprehensive, up-to-date global review of the contamination of human milk with environmental and occupational chemicals. The book covers many different aspects of this problem, including the extent and benefits of breast-feeding, the transfer of chemicals into breast milk, analytical methodologies used in human milk studies, the levels of chemical contaminants in human milk, and geographical variations and time trends in levels. The many different factors that can influence the levels of contaminants in breast milk are also discussed. Other important topics examined include human milk contamination due to exposure of the mother at the workplace and the risk to her baby, the intake of toxic chemicals by breast-fed infants, calculated intakes and official limit values, the toxicological implications of human milk contamination based on available data from animal experiments and human studies. The book concludes with an overall assessment of the current situation, together with recommendations for future work. Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk is a valuable source of information for pediatricians and other health professionals, policy makers involved with ensuring the health and welfare of infants and nursing mothers, nursing mothers and organizations involved in the promotion of breast feeding, and individuals and organizations involved with the study and control of environmental pollution and occupational hygiene.

Persistent Organic Pollutants
Persistent Organic Pollutants

Author: Heidelore Fiedler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-11-27

Total Pages: 468

ISBN-13: 9783540437284

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Since the mid 1990s, legal action to eliminate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has started resulting in a global Convention on POPs, the Stockholm Convention, and a regional Protocol under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (UN-ECE LRTAP Convention). POPs are characterized by long half-lives, persistence in the environment, they undergo long-range transport, accumulate in the environment and in biota, and they are toxic. The combination of these characteristics makes them a threat at the global level. This book makes the reader familiar with the goals of these two conventions, lays out characteristics of these compounds, presents results from case studies and addresses inventories, levels in humans and the environment as well as technologies to destroy them.

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lactating Women
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lactating Women

Author: Sobia Khawaja

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2011-12

Total Pages: 92

ISBN-13: 9783847311065

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The haphazard use of conventional pesticides resulted in the deposition of toxic chemicals into non target organism, including human being. These chemicals have been reported to the cause of various human diseases viz: liver and kidney diseases etc. many of these chemicals become the part of the milk, umbilical cord, blood and other biological compartments. Outside Pakistan, in many of the foreign countries the subject is taken very seriously and there are many reports available. Globally the organochlorine compounds become banned but in Pakistan such chemicals remain in use by many authorities in public sector and in health sector even by farmers. In the present investigation many of the organochlorine and PCB were tested in milk samples obtain a clear picture of such toxic chemicals in Karachi people.In the samples, the quantity of pesticides was determined by comparing the peak area of the standard with samples peak obtained by GC (ECD). The different industrial (PCB) and agricultural (OC) pesticide residues were identified in the breast milk.

Persistent Organic Pollutants
Persistent Organic Pollutants

Author: Stuart Harrad

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1461515718

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) continue to be the subject of concern amongst the public, as well as the scientific and policy-making communities. These concerns are exemplified by the international efforts co-ordinated by the United Nations' Environment Programme and the +Economic Commission for Europe. Whilst the ultimate origin of this concern is the adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants in both humans and wildlife, there are other factors involved. In particular, whilst ambient concentrations of POPs in air and water present little direct hazard via inhalation and ingestion respectively, their propensity for transfer through the food chain means that species at the top of the ecological pyramid - including humans - can be exposed to concentrations of concern via their diet. Furthermore, their ability to undergo long-range atmospheric transport means that they represent a truly cross-boundary problem for mankind. Persistent Organic Pollutants focuses on the sources, atmospheric behaviour, terrestrial and aquatic food chain transfer, and human exposure and fate aspects of this important class of chemicals. Other topical issues are addressed, namely: temporal trends in contamination; their transport to polar regions; and the significance of the former Warsaw Pact nations of Central and Eastern Europe as both a global reservoir and source of POPs. Whilst the main focus is on PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAH; other organochlorine POPs such as DDT, lindane, and dieldrin are covered. Persistent Organic Pollutants also provides up-to-date, detailed, and authoritative coverage required by academics, environmental consultants, and policy-makers. Sufficient introductory material is also included to be of relevance to final year undergraduates, Masters and PhD students in Environmental Science/Chemistry.

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Asia
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Asia

Author: An Li

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2011-07-29

Total Pages: 843

ISBN-13: 0080551130

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Large amounts of data obtained through environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 10 Asian countries and Australia have been compiled and explored using principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment. This book also includes descriptions and discussions of current governmental policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs in these countries. * Compiles up-to-date sources, distributions, transport, and fates of highly concerned persistent organic pollutants (POPs) * Presents exploratory examinations of the data guided by the principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment * Includes important context and insight regarding government policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impact on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs

Global Sources of Local Pollution
Global Sources of Local Pollution

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2010-02-15

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 0309144019

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Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.

The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment
The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment

Author: Ebru Mehmetli

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-12-14

Total Pages: 468

ISBN-13: 1402066422

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Using a scientific approach to identify and take action against persistent organic pollutants (POPs), this book focuses on preventative measures to manage POPs at their source. Readers get a complete overview of existing POPs monitoring activities and programs. Moreover, readers discover the full range of remediation methods and the latest advances in the measurement of POPs. In addition, the authors discuss how POPs affect health.