Peroxisome Proliferation and Its Role in Carcinogenesis
Peroxisome Proliferation and Its Role in Carcinogenesis

Author:

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 104

ISBN-13:

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A state-of-the-art consensus report on what is known about peroxisome proliferation, the mechanisms involved, and their relevance to carcinogenesis. Peroxisomes are single, membrane-limited, cytoplasmic organelles that are found in cells of animals, plants, fungi, and protozoa. Peroxisome proliferators include certain hypolipidaemic drugs, phthalate ester plasticizers, industrial solvents, herbicides, food flavours, leukotriene D4 antagonists, and hormones. Numerous studies in rats and mice have demonstrated the hepatocarcinogenic effects of peroxisome proliferators, and these compounds have been unequivocally established as carcinogens. Since humans are exposed to peroxisome proliferators to a significant extent, assessment of the adverse biological effects of this group of compounds, and particularly their potential carcinogenicity, has become an important issue. The report has two parts. The first records the consensus reached by a group of eleven experts, including several of the leading investigators in this field. Questions addressed include the mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators exert their carcinogenic effects in rodents, the relevance of animal studies to the evaluation of carcinogenic risk in humans, and the potential use of peroxisome proliferation as a biological marker for liver cancer. The report concludes that compounds inducing peroxisome proliferation in rats and mice have little, if any, effect on human liver. The report also issues advice on the interpretation of peroxisome proliferation, demonstrated in animal studies, when evaluating the carcinogenic risk to humans. The second part consists of three background papers presented by members of the working group.

Nongenotoxic Carcinogenesis
Nongenotoxic Carcinogenesis

Author: A. Cockburn

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 3662030225

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"What is a nongenotoxic carcinogen?" This question recurred through out the Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop on nongeno toxic carcinogenesis, underlining the complexity of the topic. The clarity of the view that all carcinogens act by mutating DNA, origin ally advocated by Bruce Ames nearly 20 years ago, has been clouded by the increasing numbers of compounds which are not genotoxic but which nevertheless can cause cancer. There is an urgent need to in crease our understanding of these compounds so that their risks can be evaluated realistically and decisions made from a position of knowl edge and strength, rather than in fear of the unknown. A nongenotoxic carcinogen can be defined as a compound which causes cancer, but which does not cause damage to DNA as its primary biological activity. This negative definition covers a range of carci nogens acting through a variety of mechanisms. Such chemicals often produce tumours only in a single organ species, and there are a few common locations which are affected most often. For example, in male rats, certain carcinogens bind to az globulin to form a complex which 11 accumulates in the kidney tubular cells, which is followed by necrosis and compensatory cell proliferation leading the neoplasia. Other com mon mechanisms include hormonal imbalance resulting in thyroid tu mours or peroxisome proliferation resulting in liver cancer. These and other examples are studied in some detail in the papers of this book.

Non-Mutagenic Carcinogens
Non-Mutagenic Carcinogens

Author: Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 9789289301176

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Non-Mutagenic Carcinogens

Carcinogenicity and Pesticides
Carcinogenicity and Pesticides

Author: Nancy N. Ragsdale

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13:

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This new volume examines the relationship between pesticides and carcinogenicity, presenting some of the current thinking behind the decisions that are made with respect to their use. Progressing from theoretical to practical considerations, this book addresses: mechanisms of carcinogenesis; dietary inhibition of carcinogenesis; biological issues of extrapolation, and pesticide regulatory issues. Of special interest is a chapter by Bruce Ames, originator of the Ames Test for carcinogenicity, on ranking of possible carcinogenic hazards.

Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification

Author: Harri Vainio

Publisher:

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13:

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This comprehensive, authoritative volume includes a consensus document drawn up by a working group of international experts in various fields of carcinogenesis. It describes the multistage and multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis, the different mechanisms of action of carcinogens, epidemiological and laboratory means for their identification, and proposed principles and procedures for their possible use in the prediction and evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Other chapters cover critical molecular targets in chemical carcinogenesis; mechanisms of carcinogenicity; animal carcinogenicity tests and their interpretations; biological markers in exposed humans; and data analysis and modelling. This work will be a valuable reference for cancer researchers and toxicologists.