Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)
Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)

Author: Hyesoon Kim

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 99

ISBN-13: 1608459543

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General-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes). In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques.

Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)
Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)

Author: Hyesoon Kim

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 3031017374

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General-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes). In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques. Table of Contents: GPU Design, Programming, and Trends / Performance Principles / From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning / Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide Optimization

General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures
General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures

Author: Tor M. Aamodt

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 3031017595

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Originally developed to support video games, graphics processor units (GPUs) are now increasingly used for general-purpose (non-graphics) applications ranging from machine learning to mining of cryptographic currencies. GPUs can achieve improved performance and efficiency versus central processing units (CPUs) by dedicating a larger fraction of hardware resources to computation. In addition, their general-purpose programmability makes contemporary GPUs appealing to software developers in comparison to domain-specific accelerators. This book provides an introduction to those interested in studying the architecture of GPUs that support general-purpose computing. It collects together information currently only found among a wide range of disparate sources. The authors led development of the GPGPU-Sim simulator widely used in academic research on GPU architectures. The first chapter of this book describes the basic hardware structure of GPUs and provides a brief overview of their history. Chapter 2 provides a summary of GPU programming models relevant to the rest of the book. Chapter 3 explores the architecture of GPU compute cores. Chapter 4 explores the architecture of the GPU memory system. After describing the architecture of existing systems, Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of related research. Chapter 5 summarizes cross-cutting research impacting both the compute core and memory system. This book should provide a valuable resource for those wishing to understand the architecture of graphics processor units (GPUs) used for acceleration of general-purpose applications and to those who want to obtain an introduction to the rapidly growing body of research exploring how to improve the architecture of these GPUs.

Computational Science – ICCS 2020
Computational Science – ICCS 2020

Author: Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-06-18

Total Pages: 726

ISBN-13: 3030503712

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The seven-volume set LNCS 12137, 12138, 12139, 12140, 12141, 12142, and 12143 constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2020, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in June 2020.* The total of 101 papers and 248 workshop papers presented in this book set were carefully reviewed and selected from 719 submissions (230 submissions to the main track and 489 submissions to the workshops). The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: ICCS Main Track Part III: Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Applications of Computational Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science Part IV: Classifier Learning from Difficult Data; Complex Social Systems through the Lens of Computational Science; Computational Health; Computational Methods for Emerging Problems in (Dis-)Information Analysis Part V: Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Computational Science in IoT and Smart Systems; Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence Part VI: Data Driven Computational Sciences; Machine Learning and Data Assimilation for Dynamical Systems; Meshfree Methods in Computational Sciences; Multiscale Modelling and Simulation; Quantum Computing Workshop Part VII: Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation; Smart Systems: Bringing Together Computer Vision, Sensor Networks and Machine Learning; Software Engineering for Computational Science; Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Teaching Computational Science; UNcErtainty QUantIficatiOn for ComputationAl modeLs *The conference was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks
Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks

Author: Vivienne Sze

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 3031017668

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This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.

Analyzing Analytics
Analyzing Analytics

Author: Rajesh Bordawekar

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13: 3031017498

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This book aims to achieve the following goals: (1) to provide a high-level survey of key analytics models and algorithms without going into mathematical details; (2) to analyze the usage patterns of these models; and (3) to discuss opportunities for accelerating analytics workloads using software, hardware, and system approaches. The book first describes 14 key analytics models (exemplars) that span data mining, machine learning, and data management domains. For each analytics exemplar, we summarize its computational and runtime patterns and apply the information to evaluate parallelization and acceleration alternatives for that exemplar. Using case studies from important application domains such as deep learning, text analytics, and business intelligence (BI), we demonstrate how various software and hardware acceleration strategies are implemented in practice. This book is intended for both experienced professionals and students who are interested in understanding core algorithms behind analytics workloads. It is designed to serve as a guide for addressing various open problems in accelerating analytics workloads, e.g., new architectural features for supporting analytics workloads, impact on programming models and runtime systems, and designing analytics systems.

Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization
Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization

Author: Edouard Bugnion

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-06-01

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 3031017536

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This book focuses on the core question of the necessary architectural support provided by hardware to efficiently run virtual machines, and of the corresponding design of the hypervisors that run them. Virtualization is still possible when the instruction set architecture lacks such support, but the hypervisor remains more complex and must rely on additional techniques. Despite the focus on architectural support in current architectures, some historical perspective is necessary to appropriately frame the problem. The first half of the book provides the historical perspective of the theoretical framework developed four decades ago by Popek and Goldberg. It also describes earlier systems that enabled virtualization despite the lack of architectural support in hardware. As is often the case, theory defines a necessary—but not sufficient—set of features, and modern architectures are the result of the combination of the theoretical framework with insights derived from practical systems. The second half of the book describes state-of-the-art support for virtualization in both x86-64 and ARM processors. This book includes an in-depth description of the CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization of these two processor architectures, as well as case studies on the Linux/KVM, VMware, and Xen hypervisors. It concludes with a performance comparison of virtualization on current-generation x86- and ARM-based systems across multiple hypervisors.

Advances in GPU Research and Practice
Advances in GPU Research and Practice

Author: Hamid Sarbazi-Azad

Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann

Published: 2016-09-15

Total Pages: 776

ISBN-13: 0128037881

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Advances in GPU Research and Practice focuses on research and practices in GPU based systems. The topics treated cover a range of issues, ranging from hardware and architectural issues, to high level issues, such as application systems, parallel programming, middleware, and power and energy issues. Divided into six parts, this edited volume provides the latest research on GPU computing. Part I: Architectural Solutions focuses on the architectural topics that improve on performance of GPUs, Part II: System Software discusses OS, compilers, libraries, programming environment, languages, and paradigms that are proposed and analyzed to help and support GPU programmers. Part III: Power and Reliability Issues covers different aspects of energy, power, and reliability concerns in GPUs. Part IV: Performance Analysis illustrates mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs. Part V: Algorithms presents how to design efficient algorithms and analyze their complexity for GPUs. Part VI: Applications and Related Topics provides use cases and examples of how GPUs are used across many sectors. - Discusses how to maximize power and obtain peak reliability when designing, building, and using GPUs - Covers system software (OS, compilers), programming environments, languages, and paradigms proposed to help and support GPU programmers - Explains how to use mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs - Illustrates the design of efficient GPU algorithms in areas such as bioinformatics, complex systems, social networks, and cryptography - Provides applications and use case scenarios in several different verticals, including medicine, social sciences, image processing, and telecommunications

Performance Analysis and Tuning on Modern CPUs
Performance Analysis and Tuning on Modern CPUs

Author:

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2020-11-16

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13:

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Performance tuning is becoming more important than it has been for the last 40 years. Read this book to understand your application's performance that runs on a modern CPU and learn how you can improve it. The 170+ page guide combines the knowledge of many optimization experts from different industries.

Network and Parallel Computing
Network and Parallel Computing

Author: Ching-Hsien Hsu

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-08-23

Total Pages: 640

ISBN-13: 366244917X

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2014, held in Ilan, Taiwan, in September 2014. The 42 full papers and 24 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 196 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on systems, networks, and architectures, parallel and multi-core technologies, virtualization and cloud computing technologies, applications of parallel and distributed computing, and I/O, file systems, and data management.