Pallas Iron
Pallas Iron

Author: Holger Pedersen

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2017-01-04

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 877170213X

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Almost 700 kilograms of the finest iron, mixed with transparent, beautiful crystals! This was the rare and unexpected discovery made in 1771 near the river Jenisei, central Siberia. The German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas - then wintering in the town Krasnoyarsk - was convinced that the mass was a 'product of Nature', and not a leftover from ancient miner's simple kilns. He quickly reported his find to the scientific world, and sent pieces around, which he had chopped off. While the mass is now officially named 'Krasnojarsk', it is often referred to as 'Pallas Iron', or, in Russian 'Pallasovo Zheleso'. It took years of intense debate, however, before its origin in interplanetary space was firmly concluded. In honor of the discoverer, the specific type of meteorite is now known as 'pallasite'. Holger Pedersen has studied the old reports, and found hints that other fragments were found nearby. From comparison to a Chilean meteorite of the same type, Imilac, he concludes that these fragments were scattered when a second, large piece of the Krasnojarsk meteoroid hit ground. This conclusion is supported by the morphology of numerous museum-samples, which lack marks from the pounding by hammer and chisel. Among some facts revealed by papers in the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) is the identity of the scout, who brought the first tiny sample to Pallas' attention; this name is here revealed for the first time. Also, it can be concluded that Pallas' original illustration, which shows the meteorite at the foot of a male Samoyede, was made using a 'camera obscura'.

Early Investigations of Ceres and the Discovery of Pallas
Early Investigations of Ceres and the Discovery of Pallas

Author: Clifford Cunningham

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-08-22

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 3319288156

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An asteroid scholar, Cunningham in this book picks up where his Discovery of the First Asteroid, Ceres left off in telling the story of the impact created by the discovery of this new class of object in the early 1800s. The best and brightest minds of mathematics, science, and philosophy were fascinated by Ceres, and figures as diverse as Gauss, Herschel, Brougham, Kant, and Laplace all contributed something to the conversation. The first few chapters deal with the mathematical and philosophical aspects of the discovery, and the rivalry between Germany and France that so affected science and astronomy of that era. The jockeying for glory over the discovery of Ceres by both Piazzi and Bode is examined in detail, as is the reception given to Herschel’s use of the word 'asteroid.' Archival research that reveals the creator of the word 'asteroid' is presented in this book. Astronomy was a truly cosmopolitan field at the time, spanning across various disciplines, and the discovery of Pallas, a story completely told in these pages, exemplifies the excitement and drama of early 1800s astronomy. All the private correspondence about the study of Ceres and Pallas in 1802 is given here, which helps to contextualize and personalize the discovery.

Studies of Pallas in the Early Nineteenth Century
Studies of Pallas in the Early Nineteenth Century

Author: Clifford J. Cunningham

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-11-14

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 3319328484

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Based on extensive primary sources, many never previously translated into English, this is the definitive account of the discovery of Pallas as it went from being classified as a new planet to reclassification as the second of a previously unknown group of celestial objects. Cunningham, a dedicated scholar of asteroids, includes a large set of newly translated correspondence as well as the many scientific papers about Pallas in addition to sections of Schroeter's 1805 book on the subject. It was Olbers who discovered Pallas, in 1802, the second of many asteroids that would be officially identified as such. From the Gold Medal offered by the Paris Academy to solve the mystery of Pallas' gravitational perturbations to Gauss' Pallas Anagram, the asteroid remained a lingering mystery to leading thinkers of the time. Representing an intersection of science, mathematics, and philosophy, the puzzle of Pallas occupied the thoughts of an amazing panorama of intellectual giants in Europe in the early 1800s.

The Jewess Pallas Athena
The Jewess Pallas Athena

Author: Barbara Hahn

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2021-06-08

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1400826586

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"The Jewess Pallas Athena"--a line from a poem by Paul Celan. It is a provocative phrase, cutting across cultures and traditions. But it poses questions: How to reconstruct a culture that has been destroyed? How to conceive of history after the catastrophes of the twentieth century? This book begins in the mid-eighteenth century with the first Jewish women to raise their voices in German. It ends two hundred years later, with another group of Jewish women looking back at a country from which they had been expelled and to which they would never want to return. Among the many prominent female intellectuals and literary figures Barbara Hahn discusses are Hannah Arendt, Gertrud Kantorowicz, Rosa Luxemburg, Else Lasker-Schüler, Margarete Susman, and Rahel Levin Varnhagen. In examining their writing, she reflects upon the question of how German culture was constructed--with its inherent patterns of exclusion. This is a book about hope and despair, possibilities and preventions. We see attempts at dialogue between Christians and Jews, men and women, "Germans" and "Jews," attempts initiated by these women that, for the most part, remained unanswered. Finally, the book reconstructs the changing notions of the "Jewess," a key word in modern German history with its connotations of "salons," "beauty," and "esprit." And yet a word that is also disastrous, in which there culminated everything the dominant culture condemned as dangerous.

Pallas the Pal
Pallas the Pal

Author: Joan Holub

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2016-12-06

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1481450093

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Pallas, the daughter of Triton and messenger of the sea, enrolls at Mount Olympus Academy in this twenty-first Goddess Girls adventure! Mortal girl Pallas can’t wait to go show off her swordplay skills at Mount Olympus Academy. As a member of the Cheer Blades, she is hoping to impress her childhood friend, Athena—until she learns Athena has a new group of BFFs in the Goddess Girls. Pallas hopes she can win Athena’s attention at the upcoming Greek Festival battle reenactment competition—and help Pallas prove she is just as good as any boy her age! But Athena is having her own jealousy issues, thanks to her new baby sister. Can these old BFFs work together to help each other out?