Small Community Water and Wastewater Treatment
Small Community Water and Wastewater Treatment

Author: DIANE Publishing Company

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1994-04

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13: 9780788106842

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Presents summaries of drinking water and wastewater technologies suited to small communities. Presents technical and cost information on those technologies most widely used. The wastewater treatment technology overviews covers: collection systems, treatment technologies, and sludge treatment and disposal methods. Case studies of six small communities address their unique drinking water and wastewater problems. Resource Directory section lists state and regional organizations that can provide technical and financial resources to small communities. Diagrams and tables.

Management of Legionella in Water Systems
Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2020-02-20

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 030949382X

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Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.