This book describes and assesses some of the more important difficulties and defects in the current utilization of organ substitution technology, dealing with the major ethical, legal, and public policy issues of organ substitution.
Several textbooks have been published that discuss just one or two of the areas concerning tissue and organ replacement. This important book brings together all the different approaches for the first time. The contributors are established experts in their respective fields.The multidisciplinary nature of the text will appeal to students, scientists and clinicians from a wide spectrum of disciplines who are considering a future in organ replacement therapy, as well as to those who have so far only learnt of the developments in organ transplantation or replacement in the lay media. The field is moving very fast indeed — transplant surgeons continue to redefine what is possible and new products that were just laboratory curiosities a few years ago are beginning to enter clinics around the world and improve the quality of life for thousands of people. The promise of the various technologies described in this book, if realised, will make a profound and lasting impact on both the way the health care industry operates and the way we view the human body./a
This book investigates a crucial-but forgotten-episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing he lays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplant medicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunological explanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlich is professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University.
Spare Parts examines major developments in the field of organ replacement that occurred in the United States over the course of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses upon significant medical and social changes in the transplantation of human organs and on the development and clinical testing of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, with special emphasis on how these biomedical events were related to the political, economic, and social climate of American society. Part I examines the important biomedical advances and events in organ transplantation and their social and cultural concomitants. In Part II, the focus shifts to the story of the rise and fall of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart in the United States, its relation to American social institutions and cultural patterns, and its bearing on social control issues associated with therapeutic innovation and the patient-oriented clinical research it entails. Part III is a personal conclusion, which explains why the authors left the field of organ transplantation after so many years. Spare Parts is written in a narrative, ethnographic style, with thickly descriptive, verbatim, and atmospheric detail. The primary data it is based upon includes qualitative materials, collected via participant observation, interviews in a variety of medical milieu, and content analysis of medical journals, newspapers, and magazine articles, and a number of television transcripts. The new introduction provides an overview of some of the recent developments in transplantation and also underscores how tenacious many of the patterns associated with organ replacement have been. Spare Parts should be read by all medical professionals, sociologists, and historians.
This book deals with organ failure and the way it can be managed artificially without requiring a transplant. Written by a mixture of European and US physicians and surgeons, each of the chapters compares the artificial organ to what is currently available from the transplant point of view to highlight the current and modern available techniques for organ replacement. The book will be a useful reading for postgraduate students and people interested in modern surgical and medical technology.
This book provides an expert view into the current technologies that are revolutionizing the field of solid organ transplantation. This unique book provides insight into progress made in areas spanning robotic surgery to tissue engineering and also gives a glimpse into what may lie ahead for this innovative specialty. Topics covered include nanotherapy, machine perfusion, artificial organ development, robotics in transplant surgery, mobile health technology, stem cell therapy, and ex vivo repair of organs. This is an ideal book for biomedical engineers, physicians and surgeons, general and transplant surgeons, medical students, medical and surgical trainees, and transplant procurement technicians.
This is the first time that human organs, such as the heart, liver, kidney, stomach, uterus, skin, lung, pancreas and breast can be manufactured automatically and precisely for clinical transplantation, drug screening and metabolism model establishment. Headed by Professor Xiaohong Wang (also the founder and director) in the Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, this group has focused on organ manufacturing for over ten years. A series of technical bottleneck problems, such as vascular and nerve system establishment in a construct, multiple cell types and material system incorporation, and stem cell sequential engagement, have been overcome one by one. Two technical approaches have been exploited extensively. One is multiple nozzle rapid prototyping (RP), additive manufacturing (AM), or three-dimension (3D) printing. The other is combined mold systems. More than 110 articles and 40 patents with a series of theories and practices have been published consequently. In the future, all the failed organs (including the brain) in the human body can be substituted easily like a small accessory part in a car. Everyone can get benefit from these techniques, which ultimately means that the lifespan of humans, therefore, can be greatly prolonged from this time point. This book examines the progress made in the field and the developments made by these researchers (and authors) in the field.
The replacement or augmentation of failing human organs with artificial devices and systems has been an important element in health care for several decades. Such devices as kidney dialysis to augment failing kidneys, artificial heart valves to replace failing human valves, cardiac pacemakers to reestablish normal cardiac rhythm, and heart assist devices to augment a weakened human heart have assisted millions of patients in the previous 50 years and offers lifesaving technology for tens of thousands of patients each year. Significant advances in these biomedical technologies have continually occurred during this period, saving numerous lives with cutting edge technologies. Each of these artificial organ systems will be described in detail in separate sections of this lecture.