Optical Measurements
Optical Measurements

Author: Franz Mayinger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 462

ISBN-13: 3662029677

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Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical en gineering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for developing constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program . Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal resolution into the thermo-and fluiddynamic situations is necessary. Sets of equations for computer program in thermo dynamics and fluid dynamics usually consist of two types of formulations: a first one derived from the conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum, and a second one mathematically modelling transport processes like laminar or turbulent diffusion. For reliably predicting the heat transfer, for example, the velocity and temperature field in the boundary layer must be known, or a physically realistic and widely valid correlation describing the turbulence must be avail able. For a better understanding of combustion processes it is necessary to know the local concentration and temperature just ahead of the flame and in the ignition zone.

Optical Measurement of Surface Topography
Optical Measurement of Surface Topography

Author: Richard Leach

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-03-31

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 3642120121

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The measurement and characterisation of surface topography is crucial to modern manufacturing industry. The control of areal surface structure allows a manufacturer to radically alter the functionality of a part. Examples include structuring to effect fluidics, optics, tribology, aerodynamics and biology. To control such manufacturing methods requires measurement strategies. There is now a large range of new optical techniques on the market, or being developed in academia, that can measure areal surface topography. Each method has its strong points and limitations. The book starts with introductory chapters on optical instruments, their common language, generic features and limitations, and their calibration. Each type of modern optical instrument is described (in a common format) by an expert in the field. The book is intended for both industrial and academic scientists and engineers, and will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements
Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements

Author: Hermann A. Haus

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 572

ISBN-13: 3662041901

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From the reviews: "Haus’ book provides numerous insights on topics of wide importance, and contains much material not available elsewhere in book form. [...] an indispensable resource for those working in quantum optics or electronics." Optics & Photonics News

Optical Scattering
Optical Scattering

Author: John C. Stover

Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780819492517

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The first edition of this book concentrated on relating scatter from optically smooth surfaces to the microroughness on those surfaces. After spending six years in the semiconductor industry, Dr. Stover has updated and expanded the third edition. Newly included are scatter models for pits and particles as well as the use of wafer scanners to locate and size isolated surface features. New sections cover the multimillion-dollar wafer scanner business, establishing that microroughness is the noise, not the signal, in these systems. Scatter measurements, now routinely used to determine whether small-surface features are pits or particles and inspiring new technology that provides information on particle material, are also discussed. These new capabilities are now supported by a series of international standards, and a new chapter reviews those documents. New information on scatter from optically rough surfaces has also been added. Once the critical limit is exceeded, scatter cannot be used to determine surface-roughness statistics, but considerable information can still be obtained - especially when measurements are made on mass-produced products. Changes in measurement are covered, and the reader will find examples of scatter measurements made using a camera for a fraction of the cost and in a fraction of the time previously possible. The idea of relating scatter to surface appearance is also discussed, and appearance has its own short chapter. After all, beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and what we see is scattered light.

Digital Optical Measurement Techniques and Applications
Digital Optical Measurement Techniques and Applications

Author: Pramod Rastogi

Publisher: Artech House

Published: 2015-05-01

Total Pages: 473

ISBN-13: 1608078078

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This new resource explains the principles and applications of today’s digital optical measurement techniques. From start to finish, each chapter provides a concise introduction to the concepts and principles of digital optical metrology, followed by a detailed presentation of their applications. The development of all these topics, including their numerous methods, principles, and applications, has been illustrated using a large number of easy-to-understand figures. This book aims to not only help the reader identify the appropriate techniques in function of the measurement requirements, but also assess modern digital measurement systems.

Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry

Author:

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-06-28

Total Pages: 560

ISBN-13: 0123860237

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This volume is an essential handbook for anyone interested in performing the most accurate spectrophotometric or other optical property of materials measurements. The chapter authors were chosen from the leading experts in their respective fields and provide their wisdom and experience in measurements of reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, emittance, diffuse scattering, color, and fluorescence. The book provides the reader with the theoretical underpinning to the methods, the practical issues encountered in real measurements, and numerous examples of important applications. - Written by the leading international experts from industry, government, and academia - Written as a handbook, with in depth discussion of the topics - Focus on making the most accurate and reproducible measurements - Many practical applications and examples

Fast Electrical and Optical Measurements
Fast Electrical and Optical Measurements

Author: D.J. Thompson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 1065

ISBN-13: 9401704457

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An Advanced Study Institute on Fast Electrical and Optical Diagnostic Principles and Techniques was held at II Ciocco, Castelvecchio Pascoli, Italy, 10-24 July 1983. This publication is the Proceedings from that Institute. The Institute was attended by ninety-seven participants representing the United States, West Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, and France. The objective of the Institute was to provide a broad but comprehensive presentation of the various measurement and analy sis techniques that can be employed to investigate fast physical events, nominally in the sub-microsecond regime. This requires both an understanding of the basic principles underlying the diagnostic employed and its limitations, and a knowledge of the practical techniques available to obtain reliable and repeatable data. This Institute was thus structured to begin tutorially, followed by more practical techniques, demonstrations, and discussions. The Institute was divided into the following major sections: (1) Overview of Applications and Needs; (2) Voltage and Current Measurements; (3) Data Acquisition; (4) Grounding and Shield ing; (5) Fast Photography; (6) Refractive Index Measurements; (7) X-ray Diagnostics; (8) Spectroscopy; and (9) Active Opti cal Techniques. This Proceeding has been divided into two separate volumes. Volume 1, Current and Voltage Measurements, includes Sections (1) through (4) above; Volume 2, Optical Meas urements, includes Sections (5) through (9).

Handbook of Dimensional Measurement
Handbook of Dimensional Measurement

Author: Francis T. Farago

Publisher: Industrial Press Inc.

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 608

ISBN-13: 9780831130534

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Nineteen Fact-Filled Charters that contain authoritative treatment of all aspects of dimensional measurement technology make Handbook of Dimensional Measurement the most readable and comprehensive guide available for engineers and technicians engages in the various stages of industrial production. Design engineers, manufacturing engineers, tool and gage makers, quality control specialists, and reliability experts will find a wealth of practical data as well as complete coverage - both basic and advanced - of dimensional measurement techniques and equipment. The Third Edition of this classic book has been completely revised to include the computer and electronics revolution in metrology. Virtually every type of measurement instrument and machine, even the newest devices, can be found in these pages. Hundreds of changes, and additions and scores of new illustrations have been incorporated to assure that Handbook of Dimensional Measurement retains its status as the standard reference for the practitioner of dimensional measurement.

Principles of Optical Fiber Measurements
Principles of Optical Fiber Measurements

Author: Dietrich Marcuse

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 373

ISBN-13: 0323153690

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Principles of Optical Fiber Measurements focuses on the optical fiber systems, which are being added to the telephone networks of various countries around the world. This book explores the significance of optical fiber systems in the increasing variety of fiber-related products on the market. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the fiber fabrication process with emphasis on the method of measurements to reduce fiber loss in the field of optical communication. This text then examines the special methods to measure extremely low dispersion in single-mode fibers. Other chapters consider the measurement requirements of commercial fiber manufacturers to allow them to specify their products as well as for fiber users to verify that they get what they expect. The final chapter deals with the various measurement methods for determining the V value of fibers as well as the geometrical dimensions of fibers and preforms. This book is a valuable resource for specialists and readers who desire a better understanding of fiber specifications.