The Perry Expedition and the "Opening of Japan to the West," 1853–1873

The Perry Expedition and the

Author: Paul Hendrix Clark

Publisher: Hackett Publishing

Published: 2020-04-01

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13: 1624668909

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By the time U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry's squadron of four ships sailed into Tokyo Bay on July 8, 1853, the Japanese Tokugawa government had already fended off similarly unwelcome intrusions by the French, the Russians, the Dutch, and the British. These Western imperialists had the power and the means to force Japan into the kinds of treaties that would effectively spell the end of Japan’s autonomy, maybe even its existence as an independent country. At the same moment, Japan was also grappling with a serious insurrection, the death of an emperor, and the death of a shogun—as well as with a series of natural disasters and associated famines. The Japanese response to this incredible series of catastrophes would permanently alter the balance of geopolitical power around the world. Drawing on the best recent scholarship, this short introductory volume examines the motivations and maneuvers of the major participants in the conflict and sets the "opening" of Japan in the context of broader global history. Selections from twenty-​nine primary sources provide firsthand accounts of the event from a variety of perspectives. Several illustrations are also included, along with a note on historiographic interpretation.


Breaking Open Japan

Breaking Open Japan

Author: George Feifer

Publisher: Harper Collins

Published: 2013-07-02

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 0062309315

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On July 14, 1853, the four warships of America's East Asia Squadron made for Kurihama, 30 miles south of the Japanese capital, then called Edo. It had come to pry open Japan after her two and a half centuries of isolation and nearly a decade of intense planning by Matthew Perry, the squadron commander. The spoils of the recent Mexican Spanish–American War had whetted a powerful American appetite for using her soaring wealth and power for commercial and political advantage. Perry's cloaking of imperial impulse in humanitarian purpose was fully matched by Japanese self–deception. High among the country's articles of faith was certainty of its protection by heavenly power. A distinguished Japanese scholar argued in 1811 that "Japanese differ completely from and are superior to the peoples of...all other countries of the world." So began one of history's greatest political and cultural clashes. In Breaking Open Japan, George Feifer makes this drama new and relevant for today. At its heart were two formidable men: Perry and Lord Masahiro Abe, the political mastermind and real authority behind the Emperor and the Shogun. Feifer gives us a fascinating account of "sealed off" Japan and shows that Perry's aggressive handling of his mission had far reaching consequences for Japan – and the United States – well into the twentieth if not twenty–first century.


The Opening of Japan, 1853–1855

The Opening of Japan, 1853–1855

Author: William McOmie

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-11-15

Total Pages: 528

ISBN-13: 9004213627

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This study provides a picture of the competition and cooperation, distrust and open hostility of the US, Britain, Holland and Russia involved in their joint enterprise in Japan. It documents the plans and outcomes of each of the four powers’ negotiations with Japan. At the same time it provides a fascinating commentary on the way business was done by the Japanese with each country and its representatives.


Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan

Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan

Author: Francis Lister Hawks

Publisher: Nonsuch Publishing, Limited

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13:

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Signified their resolve through systematic expulsion, detention and execution. Perry's success, however, contrived to open up what had once been 'the curiosity of Christendom' to the nations of the world.


Philipp Franz von Siebold and the Opening of Japan

Philipp Franz von Siebold and the Opening of Japan

Author: Herbert Plutschow

Publisher: Global Oriental

Published: 2007-03-22

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 900421349X

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Based on new documents, especially von Siebold’s correspondence (including letters to his wife Taki), written advice and draft treaties which were placed in the public domain in 2002 by the Brandenstein-Zeppelin family, the author argues that such is their significance a full re-evaluation of von Siebold’s advisory role vis a vis the United States, Russia and the Netherlands in particular, both before and after the successful opening of Japan in the 1850s is now justified. This new study challenges the conventional Western scholarly view that the key figures involved in the opening of Japan were confined to the US Navy’s Commodore Matthew Perry, and the diplomats Townsend Harris of the US and Rutherford Alcock of the UK. A close examination of the new sources suggests otherwise and also puts von Siebold’s agenda to ‘save’ Japan from being overtaken by what he referred to as the colonial and commercial ambitions of the West’s great maritime nations in a new light. The author also takes pains to debunk the long-held view that von Siebold was a Russian spy. Even so, it is accepted that von Siebold remains a controversial figure whose role was more often than not ‘tinged with considerable selfish aspirations and a belief in his personal infallibility’.


The Opening of Japan

The Opening of Japan

Author: George Henry Preble

Publisher:

Published: 1962

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13:

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This is a reproduction of the diary of George Henry Preble, written while he served on the U.S.S. Macedonian, one of the ships engaged in the East Indies Expedition to Japan, China and the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa Archipelago) under the command of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry. Spanning the years 1853 - 1856, the diary contains observations by Preble during the historic mission which opened Japan.


Opening a Window to the West

Opening a Window to the West

Author: Peter Ennals

Publisher: University of Toronto Press

Published: 2014-01-01

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 1442614161

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The first book-length study of Kōbe's Foreign Concession, Opening a Window to the West situates Kōbe within the larger pattern of globalization occurring throughout East Asia in the nineteenth century.


Native American in the Land of the Shogun

Native American in the Land of the Shogun

Author: Frederik L. Schodt

Publisher: Stone Bridge Press, Inc.

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13:

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"MacDonald helped "crack the seal" on Japan. He gave American officials hints on how to impress the Japanese, and equipped Japanese officials with tools for understanding the intruders. His life was, and is, a bridge between wildly different cultures, races, and eras."


Opening the Gates to Asia

Opening the Gates to Asia

Author: Jane H. Hong

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2019-10-18

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 1469653370

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Over the course of less than a century, the U.S. transformed from a nation that excluded Asians from immigration and citizenship to one that receives more immigrants from Asia than from anywhere else in the world. Yet questions of how that dramatic shift took place have long gone unanswered. In this first comprehensive history of Asian exclusion repeal, Jane H. Hong unearths the transpacific movement that successfully ended restrictions on Asian immigration. The mid-twentieth century repeal of Asian exclusion, Hong shows, was part of the price of America's postwar empire in Asia. The demands of U.S. empire-building during an era of decolonization created new opportunities for advocates from both the U.S. and Asia to lobby U.S. Congress for repeal. Drawing from sources in the United States, India, and the Philippines, Opening the Gates to Asia charts a movement more than twenty years in the making. Positioning repeal at the intersection of U.S. civil rights struggles and Asian decolonization, Hong raises thorny questions about the meanings of nation, independence, and citizenship on the global stage.