The Spanish economy entered a deep recession in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A strong government response has protected jobs and firms. However, the crisis has exacerbated long-standing structural challenges, such as high unemployment, inequalities and regional disparities.
This 1997 edition of OECD's periodic review of Italy's economy includes chapters covering recent developments and prospects; monetary, exchange rate and fiscal policy; the control of public spending; and progress in implementing structural reform.
The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.
This 1999 edition of OECD's periodic review of Italy's economy examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. It includes special features on ageing and structural reform.
OECD's 2000 Economic Survey of Italy examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects and includes special chapters on structural reforms and public spending.
This 2002 edition of OECD's periodic review of Italy's economy examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects and includes special features on reducing debt and the tax burden, making public spending more effective and on reforms to raise growth potential.
Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement. Ageing will also pressure health care spending and increase demand for long-term care. Policies to contain costs and reduce fragmentation in the system can help maintain access to quality care. Switzerland is well placed to seize the opportunities offered by new technologies. Addressing the barriers to adoption, improving the availability of information and helping workers adapt will enable firms, individuals and governments to reap the benefits of digitalisation. SPECIAL FEATURE: POLICIES FOR AN AGEING SOCIETY
This 2007 edition of OECD's review of Italy's economy finds a welcome economic recovery under way. But medium-term prospects remain challenging: productivity shows little signs of resurgence, high public indebtedness threatens fiscal health.
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
OECD's periodic review of South Africa's economy. This edition features chapters covering moving beyond the crisis and finding a sustainable growth path, strengthening the macroeconomic policy framework, and closing the labour utilisation gap.