The Crisis of Multilateral Legal Order
The Crisis of Multilateral Legal Order

Author: Lukasz Gruszczynski

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-09-15

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 1000635333

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Multilateralism has served as a foundation for international cooperation over the past several decades. Championed after the Second World War by the United States and Western Europe, it expanded into a broader global system of governance with the end of the Cold War. Lately, an increasing number of States appear to be disappointed with the existing multilateral arrangements, both at the level of norms and that of institutions. The great powers see unilateral and bilateral strategies, which maximize their political leverage rather than diluting it in multilateral fora, as more effective ways for controlling the course of international affairs. The signs of the crisis have been visible for some time – but recent crises indicate an acceleration of the on-going disintegration of the multilateral system, such as Brexit, growing resistance on the part of States to international monitoring of compliance and the radical change in the US foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which saw the US withdraw from several multilateral agreements (e.g. the Iran Nuclear Deal and the Paris Agreement), leave some international organizations or bodies (e.g. the United Nations Human Rights Council or the World Health Organization) or paralyze some others (e.g. the World Trade Organization (WTO)). Tackling the debate surrounding the crisis of multilateralism and the related transformation of the underlying international legal order, The Crisis of Multilateral Legal Order analyzes selected aspects of the current crisis from the perspective of public international law to identify the nature of the crisis, its dynamics, and implications.

Fostering Success of Ethnic and Racial Minorities in STEM
Fostering Success of Ethnic and Racial Minorities in STEM

Author: Robert T. Palmer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 041589946X

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In Fostering Success of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in STEM, well-known contributors share salient institutional characteristics, unique aspects of climate, pedagogy, and programmatic initiatives at MSIs that are instrumental in enhancing the success of racial and ethnic minority students in STEM education.

Indian Families
Indian Families

Author: Vinod Chandra

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2024-06-21

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 1837975973

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Demonstrating the tremendous diversity of families in India, as well as their ongoing evolution, this volume answers a clear call to dive deeper into the intimacy of the domestic sphere in one of the world’s largest and fastest growing societies.

Socio-Life Science and the COVID-19 Outbreak
Socio-Life Science and the COVID-19 Outbreak

Author: Makoto Yano

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9811657270

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This open access book presents the first step towards building socio-life science, a field of science investigating humans in such a way that both social and life-scientific factors are integrated. Because humans are both living and social creatures, a human action can never be understood fully without knowing both the biological traits of a person and the social scientific environments in which he exists. With this consideration, the editors of this book have initiated a research project promoting a deeper and more integrated understanding of human behavior and human health. This book aims to show what can, and could be, achieved through our interdisciplinary project. One important product is the newly formed three-party collaboration between Pasteur Institut, Kyoto University, and the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry. Covering many different fields, including medicine, epidemiology, anthropology, economics, sociology, demography, geography, and policy, researchers in these institutes, and many others, present their studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. Although based on different methodologies, the studies show the importance of behavioral change and governmental policy in the fight against a huge pandemic. The book explains the unique genome cohort-panel data that the project builds to study social and life scientific aspects of humans.

Putting AI in the Critical Loop
Putting AI in the Critical Loop

Author: Prithviraj Dasgupta

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2024-02-23

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0443159874

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Providing a high level of autonomy for a human-machine team requires assumptions that address behavior and mutual trust. The performance of a human-machine team is maximized when the partnership provides mutual benefits that satisfy design rationales, balance of control, and the nature of autonomy. The distinctively different characteristics and features of humans and machines are likely why they have the potential to work well together, overcoming each other's weaknesses through cooperation, synergy, and interdependence which forms a “collective intelligence. Trust is bidirectional and two-sided; humans need to trust AI technology, but future AI technology may also need to trust humans.Putting AI in the Critical Loop: Assured Trust and Autonomy in Human-Machine Teams focuses on human-machine trust and “assured performance and operation in order to realize the potential of autonomy. This book aims to take on the primary challenges of bidirectional trust and performance of autonomous systems, providing readers with a review of the latest literature, the science of autonomy, and a clear path towards the autonomy of human-machine teams and systems. Throughout this book, the intersecting themes of collective intelligence, bidirectional trust, and continual assurance form the challenging and extraordinarily interesting themes which will help lay the groundwork for the audience to not only bridge the knowledge gaps, but also to advance this science to develop better solutions. Assesses the latest research advances, engineering challenges, and the theoretical gaps surrounding the question of autonomy Reviews the challenges of autonomy (e.g., trust, ethics, legalities, etc.), including gaps in the knowledge of the science Offers a path forward to solutions Investigates the value of trust by humans of HMTs, as well as the bidirectionality of trust, understanding how machines learn to trust their human teammates

American Patroness
American Patroness

Author: Katherine Dugan

Publisher: Fordham Univ Press

Published: 2024-01-02

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 1531504892

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A vital collection of interdisciplinary essays that illuminates the significance of Marian shrines and promises to teach scholars how to “read” them for decades to come. American Patroness: Marian Shrines and the Making of US Catholicism is a collection of twelve essays that examine the historical and contemporary roles of Marian shrines in US Catholicism. The essays in this collection use historical, ethnographic, and comparative methods to explore how Catholics have used Marian devotion to make an imprint on the physical and religious landscape of the United States. Using the dynamic malleability of Marian shrines as a starting place for studying US Catholicism, each chapter reconsiders the American religious landscape from the perspective of a single shrine to Mary and asks: What does this shrine reveal about US Catholicism and about American religion? Each of the contributors in American Patroness examines why and how Marian shrines persist in the twenty-first century and subsequently uses that examination to re-read contemporary US Catholicism. Because shrines are not neutral spaces—they reflect and shape the elastic yet strict boundaries of what counts as Catholic identity, and who controls prayer practices—the studies in this collection also shed light on the contested dynamics of these holy sites. American Patroness demonstrates that Marian shrines continue to be places where an American Catholic identity is continuously worked on, negotiations about power occur, and Marian relationships are fostered and nurtured in spaces that are simultaneously public and intimate.

Social Mentality and Public Opinion in China
Social Mentality and Public Opinion in China

Author: Fanbin Zeng

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-02-24

Total Pages: 143

ISBN-13: 1000848787

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This book explores the relationship between social mentality, public opinion, media, and other factors through mixed methods in China, especially since the 21st century. The book deploys qualitative and quantitative research and adopts a multi-disciplinary perspective and diverse research methods. The studies are built on and contribute to the burgeoning literature seeking to anatomise the relationship between social mentality, media, and public opinion from the point of view of sociology and communication. It also aims to explore how media can be used to appease public opinion. As the first systematic study of the interconnection between social mentality and public opinion, this book provides empirical support and a theoretical framework for both areas. It will thus be a great read for students and scholars of communication, sociology, and social psychology, especially for those with a focus on China and new media.