Novelty, Information and Surprise

Novelty, Information and Surprise

Author: Günther Palm

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-01-02

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 3662658755

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This revised edition offers an approach to information theory that is more general than the classical approach of Shannon. Classically, information is defined for an alphabet of symbols or for a set of mutually exclusive propositions (a partition of the probability space Ω) with corresponding probabilities adding up to 1. The new definition is given for an arbitrary cover of Ω, i.e. for a set of possibly overlapping propositions. The generalized information concept is called novelty and it is accompanied by two concepts derived from it, designated as information and surprise, which describe "opposite" versions of novelty, information being related more to classical information theory and surprise being related more to the classical concept of statistical significance. In the discussion of these three concepts and their interrelations several properties or classes of covers are defined, which turn out to be lattices. The book also presents applications of these concepts, mostly in statistics and in neuroscience.


Novelty, Information and Surprise

Novelty, Information and Surprise

Author: Günther Palm

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-08-30

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 3642290752

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The book offers a new approach to information theory that is more general then the classical approach by Shannon. The classical definition of information is given for an alphabet of symbols or for a set of mutually exclusive propositions (a partition of the probability space Ω) with corresponding probabilities adding up to 1. The new definition is given for an arbitrary cover of Ω, i.e. for a set of possibly overlapping propositions. The generalized information concept is called novelty and it is accompanied by two new concepts derived from it, designated as information and surprise, which describe "opposite" versions of novelty, information being related more to classical information theory and surprise being related more to the classical concept of statistical significance. In the discussion of these three concepts and their interrelations several properties or classes of covers are defined, which turn out to be lattices. The book also presents applications of these new concepts, mostly in statistics and in neuroscience.


The Active Consumer

The Active Consumer

Author: Marina Bianchi

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2006-05-10

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 1134693818

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The Active Consumer discusses how consumers seem to delight in trying new solutions and exploring new combinatory possibilities. This book provides an economic-theoretical understanding of this phenomenon and the many ways in which innovation can structure consumer choice. The authors show from different points of view how central novelty can be in consumer behaviour, how it relates to technical change and how new consumer capabilities are developed and organized.


Stuff and Nonsense

Stuff and Nonsense

Author: David Pelham

Publisher: Little Simon

Published: 2009-02-24

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781416959076

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Introducing Stuff and Nonsense, the first title in a new novelty series from David Pelham! In this book, kids can meet the adorable Stuff and Nonsense mice as they work hard to gather rough stuff, smooth stuff, shiny stuff, and more stuff! What could they be building? With touch-and-feel elements throughout, readers will delight as the final spread reveals, with the help of an elaborate pop-up, just what these little mice have been creating! This paper-over-board book includes cardstock pages with touch-and-feel elements and pop-ups. This book has been safety tested for all ages.


Knowledge and Power

Knowledge and Power

Author: George Gilder

Publisher: Regnery Publishing

Published: 2013-06-10

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 1621570274

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Ronald Reagan’s most-quoted living author—George Gilder—is back with an all-new paradigm-shifting theory of capitalism that will upturn conventional wisdom, just when our economy desperately needs a new direction. America’s struggling economy needs a better philosophy than the college student's lament: "I can't be out of money, I still have checks in my checkbook!" We’ve tried a government spending spree, and we’ve learned it doesn’t work. Now is the time to rededicate our country to the pursuit of free market capitalism, before we’re buried under a mound of debt and unfunded entitlements. But how do we navigate between government spending that's too big to sustain and financial institutions that are "too big to fail?" In Knowledge and Power, George Gilder proposes a bold new theory on how capitalism produces wealth and how our economy can regain its vitality and its growth. Gilder breaks away from the supply-side model of economics to present a new economic paradigm: the epic conflict between the knowledge of entrepreneurs on one side, and the blunt power of government on the other. The knowledge of entrepreneurs, and their freedom to share and use that knowledge, are the sparks that light up the economy and set its gears in motion. The power of government to regulate, stifle, manipulate, subsidize or suppress knowledge and ideas is the inertia that slows those gears down, or keeps them from turning at all. One of the twentieth century’s defining economic minds has returned with a new philosophy to carry us into the twenty-first. Knowledge and Power is a must-read for fiscal conservatives, business owners, CEOs, investors, and anyone interested in propelling America’s economy to future success.


Show and Tell Surprise

Show and Tell Surprise

Author:

Publisher: Scholastic Paperbacks

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780439927321

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"Mac can't wait to bring his imaginary friend Blooregard Q. Kazoo into school for Show-and-Tell"--Page 4 of cover.


New

New

Author: Winifred Gallagher

Publisher: Penguin Group

Published: 2013-09-24

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 0143123742

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An exploration of how humans respond to novelty from the New York Times–bestselling author of Rapt Why are we attuned to the latest headline, diet craze, smartphone, and fashion statement? Why do we relish a change of scene, eye attractive strangers, and develop new interests? Follow a crawling baby around and you’ll see that right from the beginning, nothing excites us more than something new and different. Our unique human brains are biologically primed to engage with and even generate novelty. This “neophilia” has enabled us to thrive in a world of cataclysmic change, but now we confront an unprecedented deluge of new things—one that shows no sign of slowing. In New acclaimed behavioral science writer Winifred Gallagher, using cutting-edge research and interviews with countless experts, shows us how we can use our adaptive gift to navigate more skillfully through our rapidly changing world by focusing on the new things that really matter.


Santa Mouse Christmas Surprise

Santa Mouse Christmas Surprise

Author: Michael Brown

Publisher: Little Simon

Published: 2020-09-15

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13: 1534438017

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Santa’s littlest helper returns in this novelty lift-the-flap board book. Can you find where Santa Mouse is hiding? Who’s the little friend on Santa’s shoulder? Who is it we look for when it’s colder? Join one of the bestselling Christmas book characters, Santa Mouse, on a holiday search-and-find adventure. Lift the flaps to see where Santa Mouse is hiding on each spread!


Slide & Surprise in the Ocean

Slide & Surprise in the Ocean

Author: Natalie Marshall

Publisher: Cartwheel Books

Published: 2020-02-04

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781338360042

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"Someone is hiding under the sea! Could it be a colorful seahorse? Or a big blue whale? Which adorable animals will you see? Pull the surprise tabs and find out!"--Back cover.


Birthday Surprises! (Peppa Pig)

Birthday Surprises! (Peppa Pig)

Author: Golden Books

Publisher: National Geographic Books

Published: 2021-01-05

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 0593304535

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Celebrate birthday fun with Peppa Pig in this full-color activity book, which includes birthday invitations, cards, games, and over 50 stickers! Join Peppa Pig, George, Mummy Pig, Daddy Pig, and all their friends as they celebrate Peppa's birthday! Boys and girls ages 3 to 7 will love this full-color Peppa Pig deluxe activity book packed with brilliant puzzles, mini posters, birthday invitations, cards, games, and over 50 stickers! Peppa Pig is a loveable little piggy who lives with her younger brother, George; Mummy Pig; and Daddy Pig. Peppa loves playing games, dressing up, visiting exciting places, and making new friends--but her absolute favorite thing is jumping up and down in muddy puddles! Peppa Pig airs daily on Nick Jr. and focuses on strong brand values that parents and kids identify with: family, friendship, trust, humor, and life experiences.