Nonstationarities in Hydrologic and Environmental Time Series
Nonstationarities in Hydrologic and Environmental Time Series

Author: A.R. Rao

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 9401001170

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Conventionally, time series have been studied either in the time domain or the frequency domain. The representation of a signal in the time domain is localized in time, i.e . the value of the signal at each instant in time is well defined . However, the time representation of a signal is poorly localized in frequency , i.e. little information about the frequency content of the signal at a certain frequency can be known by looking at the signal in the time domain . On the other hand, the representation of a signal in the frequency domain is well localized in frequency, but is poorly localized in time, and as a consequence it is impossible to tell when certain events occurred in time. In studying stationary or conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra , the separate use of time domain and frequency domain analyses is sufficient to reveal the structure of the process . Results discussed in the previous chapters suggest that the time series analyzed in this book are conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra. Additionally, there is some indication of nonstationarity, especially in longer time series.

Hilbert-Huang Transform Analysis of Hydrological and Environmental Time Series
Hilbert-Huang Transform Analysis of Hydrological and Environmental Time Series

Author: A.R. Rao

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-01-08

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1402064543

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The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a recently developed technique used to analyze nonstationary data. This book uses methods based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform to analyze hydrological and environmental time series. These results are compared to the results from the traditional methods such as those based on Fourier transform and other classical statistical tests.

Hydrologic Time Series Analysis
Hydrologic Time Series Analysis

Author: Deepesh Machiwal

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-03-05

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 9400718616

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There is a dearth of relevant books dealing with both theory and application of time series analysis techniques, particularly in the field of water resources engineering. Therefore, many hydrologists and hydrogeologists face difficulties in adopting time series analysis as one of the tools for their research. This book fills this gap by providing a proper blend of theoretical and practical aspects of time sereies analysis. It deals with a comprehensive overview of time series characteristics in hydrology/water resources engineering, various tools and techniques for analyzing time series data, theoretical details of 31 available statistical tests along with detailed procedures for applying them to real-world time series data, theory and methodology of stochastic modelling, and current status of time series analysis in hydrological sciences. In adition, it demonstrates the application of most time series tests through a case study as well as presents a comparative performance evaluation of various time series tests, together with four invited case studies from India and abroad. This book will not only serve as a textbook for the students and teachers in water resources engineering but will also serve as the most comprehensive reference to educate researchers/scientists about the theory and practice of time series analysis in hydrological sciences. This book will be very useful to the students, researchers, teachers and professionals involved in water resources, hydrology, ecology, climate change, earth science, and environmental studies.

On a Sustainable Future of the Earth's Natural Resources
On a Sustainable Future of the Earth's Natural Resources

Author: Mu. Ramkumar

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-21

Total Pages: 556

ISBN-13: 3642329179

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On a Sustainable Future of the Earth’s Natural Resources is divided into three sections, with individual chapters contributed by experts on diff erent facets of the earth sciences, natural resources management and related issues. The first section focuses on the status of Earth’s resources; land, water, biota and atmosphere. Reviews on the rate of exploitation and the need to conserve these resources for future sustenance are also covered in this section. Th e following section includes chapters elucidating environmental, ecological, climatological and anthropological pressures on sustained nourishment with the Earth’s resources. The last section describes management practices, issues and perspectives on sociological, legal, administrative, ICT and strategic efforts that need to be implemented in order to sustain our natural resources. This book covers a broad spectrum of the Earth’s resources and sustenance, offering a comprehensive perspective on their past, present and future.

The Ganges Water Diversion: Environmental Effects and Implications
The Ganges Water Diversion: Environmental Effects and Implications

Author: M. Monirul Qader Mirza

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-02-03

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 1402027923

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This book deals with environmental effects on both sides of the border between Bangladesh and India caused by the Ganges water diversion. This issue came to my attention in early 1976 when news media in Bangladesh and overseas, began publications of articles on the unilateral withdrawal of a huge quantity of water from the Ganges River through the commissioning of the Farakka Barrage in India. I first pursued the subject professionally in 1984 while working as a contributor for Bangladesh Today, Holiday and New Nation. During the next two decades, I followed the protracted hydro-political negotiations between the riparian countries in the Ganges basin, and I traveled extensively to observe the environmental and ecological changes in Bangladesh as well as India that occurred due to the water diversion. The Ganges, one of the longest rivers of the world originates at the Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas and flows across the plains of North India. Eventually the river splits into two main branches and empties into the Bay of Bengal. The conflict of diversion and sharing of the Ganges water arose in the middle of the last century when the government of India decided to implement a barrage at Farakka to resolve a navigation problem at the Kolkata Port.

Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments
Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments

Author: Vivien Gornitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-10-31

Total Pages: 1062

ISBN-13: 1402045514

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One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.

Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS

Author: Baxter E. Vieux

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-04-11

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1402024606

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1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.

Groundwater Recharge from Run-off, Infiltration and Percolation
Groundwater Recharge from Run-off, Infiltration and Percolation

Author: K.-P. Seiler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-09-20

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 1402053061

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To face the threats to the water supply and to maintain sustainable water management policies, detailed knowledge is needed on the surface-to-subsurface transformation link in the water cycle. Recharge flux is covered in this book as well as many other groundwater issues, including a comparison of the traditional and modern approaches to determine groundwater recharge. The authors also explain in detail the fate of groundwater recharge in the subsurface by hydraulic and geologic means, in order to stimulate adapted groundwater-management strategies.