Gives basic and up-to-date information about noise sources in electronic devices. Demonstrates how this information can be used to calculate the noise performance, in particular the noise figure, of electronic circuits using these devices. Optimization procedures, both for the circuits and for the devices, are then devised based on these data. Gives an elementary treatment of thermal noise, diffusion noise, and velocity-fluctuation noise, including quantum effects in thermal noise and maser noise.
Analog circuit design has grown in importance because so many circuits cannot be realized with digital techniques. Examples are receiver front-ends, particle detector circuits, etc. Actually, all circuits which require high precision, high speed and low power consumption need analog solutions. High precision also needs low noise. Much has been written already on low noise design and optimization for low noise. Very little is available however if the source is not resistive but capacitive or inductive as is the case with antennas or semiconductor detectors. This book provides design techniques for these types of optimization. This book is thus intended firstly for engineers on senior or graduate level who have already designed their first operational amplifiers and want to go further. It is especially for engineers who do not want just a circuit but the best circuit. Design techniques are given that lead to the best performance within a certain technology. Moreover, this is done for all important technologies such as bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS. Secondly, this book is intended for engineers who want to understand what they are doing. The design techniques are intended to provide insight. In this way, the design techniques can easily be extended to other circuits as well. Also, the design techniques form a first step towards design automation. Thirdly, this book is intended for analog design engineers who want to become familiar with both bipolar and CMOS technologies and who want to learn more about which transistor to choose in BiCMOS.
This is an introduction to noise, describing fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis, discussing characterization of low-frequency noise and offering practical advice that bridges concepts of noise theory and modelling, characterization, CMOS technology and circuits. The text offers the latest research, reviewing the most recent publications and conference presentations. The book concludes with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.
Noise and Fluctuations Control in Electronic Devices is the first single reference source to bring together the latest aspects of noise research for a wide range of multidisciplinary audiences. The goal of this book is to give an update of state-of-the-art in this interdisciplinary field, while focusing on new trends in electronic device noise research. Such new trends include investigation of noise in electronic devices based on novel materials, effects of the downscaling on the device noise performance, fluctuations and noise control in nanodevices, effective methods of noise control and suppression, etc. In addition, the book presents a historic overview of the development of the kinetic theory of fluctuation, essential for understanding of the present state-of-the art. This book contains 18 state-of-the-art review chapters written by 33 internationally renowned experts from 15 countries. This book has about 1,500 bibliographical citations and hundreds of illustrations, figures, tables and equations. This book is a definite reference source for students, scientists, engineers, and specialists both in academia and industry working in such different fields as electronic and optoelectronic devices, electrical and electronic engineering, solid-state physics, nanotechnology, wireless communication, telecommunication, and semiconductor device technology.
CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors offers a comprehensive introduction to integrated front-end electronics for radiation detectors, focusing on devices that capture individual particles or photons and are used in nuclear and high energy physics, space instrumentation, medical physics, homeland security, and related fields. Emphasizing practical design and implementation, this book: Covers the fundamental principles of signal processing for radiation detectors Discusses the relevant analog building blocks used in the front-end electronics Employs systematically weak and moderate inversion regimes in circuit analysis Makes complex topics such as noise and circuit-weighting functions more accessible Includes numerical examples where appropriate CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors provides specialized knowledge previously obtained only through the study of multiple technical and scientific papers. It is an ideal text for students of physics and electronics engineering, as well as a useful reference for experienced practitioners.
This book looks at the physics of electronic fluctuations (noise) in solids. The author emphasizes many fundamental experiments that have become classics: physical mechanisms of fluctuations, and the nature and magnitude of noise. He also includes the most comprehensive and complete review of flicker (1/f) noise in the literature. It will be useful to graduate students and researchers in physics and electronic engineering, and especially those carrying out research in the fields of noise phenomena and highly sensitive electronic devices--detectors, electronic devices for low-noise amplifiers, and quantum magnetometers (SQUIDS).
This textbook is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in RF CMOS circuits, RF circuit design, and high-frequency analog circuit design. It is aimed at electronics engineering students and IC design engineers in the field, wishing to gain a deeper understanding of circuit fundamentals, and to go beyond the widely-used automated design procedures. The authors employ a design-centric approach, in order to bridge the gap between fundamental analog electronic circuits textbooks and more advanced RF IC design texts. The structure and operation of the building blocks of high-frequency ICs are introduced in a systematic manner, with an emphasis on transistor-level operation, the influence of device characteristics and parasitic effects, and input–output behavior in the time and frequency domains. This second edition has been revised extensively, to expand some of the key topics, to clarify the explanations, and to provide extensive design examples and problems. New material has been added for basic coverage of core topics, such as wide-band LNAs, noise feedback concept and noise cancellation, inductive-compensated band widening techniques for flat-gain or flat-delay characteristics, and basic communication system concepts that exploit the convergence and co-existence of Analog and Digital building blocks in RF systems. A new chapter (Chapter 5) has been added on Noise and Linearity, addressing key topics in a comprehensive manner. All of the other chapters have also been revised and largely re-written, with the addition of numerous, solved design examples and exercise problems.
Analog CMOS integrated circuits are in widespread use for communications, entertainment, multimedia, biomedical, and many other applications that interface with the physical world. Although analog CMOS design is greatly complicated by the design choices of drain current, channel width, and channel length present for every MOS device in a circuit, these design choices afford significant opportunities for optimizing circuit performance. This book addresses tradeoffs and optimization of device and circuit performance for selections of the drain current, inversion coefficient, and channel length, where channel width is implicitly considered. The inversion coefficient is used as a technology independent measure of MOS inversion that permits design freely in weak, moderate, and strong inversion. This book details the significant performance tradeoffs available in analog CMOS design and guides the designer towards optimum design by describing: An interpretation of MOS modeling for the analog designer, motivated by the EKV MOS model, using tabulated hand expressions and figures that give performance and tradeoffs for the design choices of drain current, inversion coefficient, and channel length; performance includes effective gate-source bias and drain-source saturation voltages, transconductance efficiency, transconductance distortion, normalized drain-source conductance, capacitances, gain and bandwidth measures, thermal and flicker noise, mismatch, and gate and drain leakage current Measured data that validates the inclusion of important small-geometry effects like velocity saturation, vertical-field mobility reduction, drain-induced barrier lowering, and inversion-level increases in gate-referred, flicker noise voltage In-depth treatment of moderate inversion, which offers low bias compliance voltages, high transconductance efficiency, and good immunity to velocity saturation effects for circuits designed in modern, low-voltage processes Fabricated design examples that include operational transconductance amplifiers optimized for various tradeoffs in DC and AC performance, and micropower, low-noise preamplifiers optimized for minimum thermal and flicker noise A design spreadsheet, available at the book web site, that facilitates rapid, optimum design of MOS devices and circuits Tradeoffs and Optimization in Analog CMOS Design is the first book dedicated to this important topic. It will help practicing analog circuit designers and advanced students of electrical engineering build design intuition, rapidly optimize circuit performance during initial design, and minimize trial-and-error circuit simulations.
This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on three topics: (X)DSL and other communication systems; RF MOST models; and integrated filters and oscillators. The book comprises five chapters on the first topic with six each on the other two, all written by internationally recognized experts. They are tutorial in nature and together make a substantial contribution to improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts: Part I: (X)DSL and other Communication Systems presents some examples of recent improved modem techniques which have resulted in much higher transmission speeds over the local telephone network. It also presents components for the implementation of different standards. Part II: RF MOST Models investigates the state of the art in RF MOST models. It compares the existing BSIM3v3, Philips' Model 9 and the EKV model with respect to their capability to accurately predict GHz performance with submicron CMOST technologies. It shows how it has now become quite feasible to model a MOST at very high frequencies, giving rise to an increased use of MOST technologies in RF applications. Part III: Integrated Filters and Oscillators illustrates how the increasing use of communication tools goes hand-in-hand with the design of analog filters and oscillators with greater flexibility and higher bandwidth.
