Nil Bohr-Sets and Almost Automorphy of Higher Order
Nil Bohr-Sets and Almost Automorphy of Higher Order

Author: Wen Huang

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-04-26

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 147041872X

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Two closely related topics, higher order Bohr sets and higher order almost automorphy, are investigated in this paper. Both of them are related to nilsystems. In the first part, the problem which can be viewed as the higher order version of an old question concerning Bohr sets is studied: for any d∈N does the collection of {n∈Z:S∩(S−n)∩…∩(S−dn)≠∅} with S syndetic coincide with that of Nild Bohr0 -sets? In the second part, the notion of d -step almost automorphic systems with d∈N∪{∞} is introduced and investigated, which is the generalization of the classical almost automorphic ones.

Layer Potentials and Boundary-Value Problems for Second Order Elliptic Operators with Data in Besov Spaces
Layer Potentials and Boundary-Value Problems for Second Order Elliptic Operators with Data in Besov Spaces

Author: Ariel Barton:

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-09-06

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 1470419890

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This monograph presents a comprehensive treatment of second order divergence form elliptic operators with bounded measurable t-independent coefficients in spaces of fractional smoothness, in Besov and weighted Lp classes. The authors establish: (1) Mapping properties for the double and single layer potentials, as well as the Newton potential; (2) Extrapolation-type solvability results: the fact that solvability of the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary value problem at any given Lp space automatically assures their solvability in an extended range of Besov spaces; (3) Well-posedness for the non-homogeneous boundary value problems. In particular, the authors prove well-posedness of the non-homogeneous Dirichlet problem with data in Besov spaces for operators with real, not necessarily symmetric, coefficients.

Nilpotent Structures in Ergodic Theory
Nilpotent Structures in Ergodic Theory

Author: Bernard Host

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2018-12-12

Total Pages: 442

ISBN-13: 1470447800

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Nilsystems play a key role in the structure theory of measure preserving systems, arising as the natural objects that describe the behavior of multiple ergodic averages. This book is a comprehensive treatment of their role in ergodic theory, covering development of the abstract theory leading to the structural statements, applications of these results, and connections to other fields. Starting with a summary of the relevant dynamical background, the book methodically develops the theory of cubic structures that give rise to nilpotent groups and reviews results on nilsystems and their properties that are scattered throughout the literature. These basic ingredients lay the groundwork for the ergodic structure theorems, and the book includes numerous formulations of these deep results, along with detailed proofs. The structure theorems have many applications, both in ergodic theory and in related fields; the book develops the connections to topological dynamics, combinatorics, and number theory, including an overview of the role of nilsystems in each of these areas. The final section is devoted to applications of the structure theory, covering numerous convergence and recurrence results. The book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in ergodic theory, along with those who work in the related areas of arithmetic combinatorics, harmonic analysis, and number theory.

Ergodic Theory
Ergodic Theory

Author: Cesar E. Silva

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-07-31

Total Pages: 707

ISBN-13: 1071623885

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This volume in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, covers recent developments in classical areas of ergodic theory, including the asymptotic properties of measurable dynamical systems, spectral theory, entropy, ergodic theorems, joinings, isomorphism theory, recurrence, nonsingular systems. It enlightens connections of ergodic theory with symbolic dynamics, topological dynamics, smooth dynamics, combinatorics, number theory, pressure and equilibrium states, fractal geometry, chaos. In addition, the new edition includes dynamical systems of probabilistic origin, ergodic aspects of Sarnak's conjecture, translation flows on translation surfaces, complexity and classification of measurable systems, operator approach to asymptotic properties, interplay with operator algebras

Carleman Estimates, Observability Inequalities and Null Controllability for Interior Degenerate Nonsmooth Parabolic Equations
Carleman Estimates, Observability Inequalities and Null Controllability for Interior Degenerate Nonsmooth Parabolic Equations

Author: Genni Fragnelli

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-06-21

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 1470419548

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The authors consider a parabolic problem with degeneracy in the interior of the spatial domain, and they focus on observability results through Carleman estimates for the associated adjoint problem. The novelties of the present paper are two. First, the coefficient of the leading operator only belongs to a Sobolev space. Second, the degeneracy point is allowed to lie even in the interior of the control region, so that no previous result can be adapted to this situation; however, different cases can be handled, and new controllability results are established as a consequence.

Igusa's $p$-Adic Local Zeta Function and the Monodromy Conjecture for Non-Degenerate Surface Singularities
Igusa's $p$-Adic Local Zeta Function and the Monodromy Conjecture for Non-Degenerate Surface Singularities

Author: Bart Bories

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-06-21

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 147041841X

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In 2011 Lemahieu and Van Proeyen proved the Monodromy Conjecture for the local topological zeta function of a non-degenerate surface singularity. The authors start from their work and obtain the same result for Igusa's p-adic and the motivic zeta function. In the p-adic case, this is, for a polynomial f∈Z[x,y,z] satisfying f(0,0,0)=0 and non-degenerate with respect to its Newton polyhedron, we show that every pole of the local p-adic zeta function of f induces an eigenvalue of the local monodromy of f at some point of f−1(0)⊂C3 close to the origin. Essentially the entire paper is dedicated to proving that, for f as above, certain candidate poles of Igusa's p-adic zeta function of f, arising from so-called B1-facets of the Newton polyhedron of f, are actually not poles. This turns out to be much harder than in the topological setting. The combinatorial proof is preceded by a study of the integral points in three-dimensional fundamental parallelepipeds. Together with the work of Lemahieu and Van Proeyen, this main result leads to the Monodromy Conjecture for the p-adic and motivic zeta function of a non-degenerate surface singularity.

$L^p$-Square Function Estimates on Spaces of Homogeneous Type and on Uniformly Rectifiable Sets
$L^p$-Square Function Estimates on Spaces of Homogeneous Type and on Uniformly Rectifiable Sets

Author: Steve Hofmann

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2017-01-18

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13: 1470422603

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The authors establish square function estimates for integral operators on uniformly rectifiable sets by proving a local theorem and applying it to show that such estimates are stable under the so-called big pieces functor. More generally, they consider integral operators associated with Ahlfors-David regular sets of arbitrary codimension in ambient quasi-metric spaces. The local theorem is then used to establish an inductive scheme in which square function estimates on so-called big pieces of an Ahlfors-David regular set are proved to be sufficient for square function estimates to hold on the entire set. Extrapolation results for and Hardy space versions of these estimates are also established. Moreover, the authors prove square function estimates for integral operators associated with variable coefficient kernels, including the Schwartz kernels of pseudodifferential operators acting between vector bundles on subdomains with uniformly rectifiable boundaries on manifolds.

Proof of the 1-Factorization and Hamilton Decomposition Conjectures
Proof of the 1-Factorization and Hamilton Decomposition Conjectures

Author: Béla Csaba

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-10-05

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1470420252

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In this paper the authors prove the following results (via a unified approach) for all sufficiently large n: (i) [1-factorization conjecture] Suppose that n is even and D≥2⌈n/4⌉−1. Then every D-regular graph G on n vertices has a decomposition into perfect matchings. Equivalently, χ′(G)=D. (ii) [Hamilton decomposition conjecture] Suppose that D≥⌊n/2⌋. Then every D-regular graph G on n vertices has a decomposition into Hamilton cycles and at most one perfect matching. (iii) [Optimal packings of Hamilton cycles] Suppose that G is a graph on n vertices with minimum degree δ≥n/2. Then G contains at least regeven(n,δ)/2≥(n−2)/8 edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. Here regeven(n,δ) denotes the degree of the largest even-regular spanning subgraph one can guarantee in a graph on n vertices with minimum degree δ. (i) was first explicitly stated by Chetwynd and Hilton. (ii) and the special case δ=⌈n/2⌉ of (iii) answer questions of Nash-Williams from 1970. All of the above bounds are best possible.

The $abc$-Problem for Gabor Systems
The $abc$-Problem for Gabor Systems

Author: Xin-Rong Dai

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-10-05

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 1470420155

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A longstanding problem in Gabor theory is to identify time-frequency shifting lattices aZ×bZ and ideal window functions χI on intervals I of length c such that {e−2πinbtχI(t−ma): (m,n)∈Z×Z} are Gabor frames for the space of all square-integrable functions on the real line. In this paper, the authors create a time-domain approach for Gabor frames, introduce novel techniques involving invariant sets of non-contractive and non-measure-preserving transformations on the line, and provide a complete answer to the above abc-problem for Gabor systems.

Rohlin Flows on von Neumann Algebras
Rohlin Flows on von Neumann Algebras

Author: Toshihiko Masuda

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2016-10-05

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 1470420163

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The authors will classify Rohlin flows on von Neumann algebras up to strong cocycle conjugacy. This result provides alternative approaches to some preceding results such as Kawahigashi's classification of flows on the injective type II1 factor, the classification of injective type III factors due to Connes, Krieger and Haagerup and the non-fullness of type III0 factors. Several concrete examples are also studied.