This book contains the most recent information on optical nanoscopy. Far-Field and Near-Field properties on e.m. waves are presented which illustrate how optical images can be obtained from sub-micron objects. Scanning Probe techniques and computer processing are covered here. An explanation is given on how propagating photons or evanescent waves can behave over distances shorter than the wavelength, taking into account the presence of small objects. Quantum tunneling of photons is explained comparatively with the electron mechanism. Technical details are given on photon tunneling microscopes. Typical results already obtained with these techniques are also described.
This technical note describes a new NBS instrument for the measurement of the scattering parameters (S[subscript lowercase]ij) of RF and microwave components. The instrument is the Time Domain Automatic Network Analyzer (TDANA). It utilizes time domain pulse measurements to obtain frequency domain parameters. The frequency range is dc to 18 GHz with a lower upper limit for large values of attenuation. The instrument consists of three major components: an ultra-fast pulse generator, a broadband sampling oscilloscope, and a digital minicomputer.
The Great Basin, a stark and beautiful desert filled with sagebrush deserts and mountain ranges, is the epicenter for public lands conflicts. Arising out of the multiple, often incompatible uses created throughout the twentieth century, these struggles reveal the tension inherent within the multiple use concept, a management philosophy that promises equitable access to the region’s resources and economic gain to those who live there. Multiple use was originally conceived as a way to legitimize the historical use of public lands for grazing without precluding future uses, such as outdoor recreation, weapons development, and wildlife management. It was applied to the Great Basin to bring the region, once seen as worthless, into the national economic fold. Land managers, ranchers, mining interests, wilderness and wildlife advocates, outdoor recreationists, and even the military adopted this ideology to accommodate, promote, and sanction a multitude of activities on public lands, particularly those overseen by the Bureau of Land Management. Some of these uses are locally driven and others are nationally mandated, but all have exacted a cost from the region’s human and natural environment. In The Size of the Risk, Leisl Carr Childers shows how different constituencies worked to fill the presumed “empty space” of the Great Basin with a variety of land-use regimes that overlapped, conflicted, and ultimately harmed the environment and the people who depended on the region for their livelihoods. She looks at the conflicts that arose from the intersection of an ever-increasing number of activities, such as nuclear testing and wild horse preservation, and how Great Basin residents have navigated these conflicts. Carr Childers’s study of multiple use in the Great Basin highlights the complex interplay between the state, society, and the environment, allowing us to better understand the ongoing reality of living in the American West.
30 Common Financial Mistakes Massive wealth is not the result of complex and witty moves but doing simple things right. Mistakes are natural in life’s journey, and our financial journey is no different. However, it is crucial that we become aware of our mistakes and take corrective action. This way, they become our greatest learnings and serve us well. FOOPS! is a collection of the 30 most common financial mistakes we make in our quest to create wealth. If we appreciate the impact these errors can have on our long-term wealth creation and take immediate action, each Foops moment is a potential game-changer. What is going to be your Foops moment? How are you going to correct it? Learn from the national bestselling author of From the Rat Race to Financial Freedom and The Autobiography of a Stock. MANOJ ARORA is a gold medalist in engineering from AMU, Aligarh. In his career spanning more than two decades, he has worked for Fortune 500 organisations across the globe including IBM, L&T and TCS. An IT-professional-turned-author, he has to his credit multiple bestsellers on dreams, parenting, money and happiness. Founder Trustee of Kalpavriksha—a tree plantation NGO, Manoj lives by his life’s mission to elevate the world around him.
The two chapters in Volume 83 describe reactions that represent two major (and growing) franchises in the Organic Reactions series, namely, transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and multicomponent reactions. These two processes not only have a rich history in synthetic organic chemistry, but also represent some of the most commonly employed transformations in the modern practice of molecule construction. The first chapter authored by Eiichi Nakamura, Takuji Hatakeyama, Shingo Ito, Kentaro Ishizuka, Laurean Ilies, and Masaharu Nakamura describes one of the most exiting advances in the field of transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions: the use of iron catalysts. The second chapter authored by Stephen G. Pyne and Minyan Tang describes the latest in a long line of multicomponent reactions published in this series: the boronic acid Mannich reaction, sometimes called the Petasis reaction.
