Advances in Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy
Advances in Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

Author: Joseph D. Rosenblatt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-25

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 1461488095

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Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. This includes new understanding of T- and B-cell interaction, immune inhibitory mechanisms including the biology of T regulatory cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and dendritic cell subsets. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumor immunity and tumor evasion. In addition to emerging understanding of tumor evasion, new immune targets such as CTLA4 blockade, NK stimulatory receptors, manipulation of the antigen processing and presentation, cytokine and costimulatory responses all provide new possibilities for enhancing anti-tumor immunity even in tumors previously felt to be resistant to immune attack. Several of these strategies have already been realized in the clinic. The volume will explore evolving paradigms in antigen presentation, dendritic cell biology, the innate response and immunosuppressive mechanisms, and emerging strategies for manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic benefit that have realized success in neuroblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and allogeneic transplantation. Early successes as well as failures will be highlighted to provide a snapshot of the state of clinical immunotherapy with an eye to future possibilities such as combination therapies, adoptive T-cell transfer, and the retargeting of immune cells via T-cell receptor engineering.

Innate Immune Regulation and Cancer Immunotherapy
Innate Immune Regulation and Cancer Immunotherapy

Author: Rong-Fu Wang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-02-02

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 1441999140

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Innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in immunosurveillance and tumor destruction. However, increasing evidence suggests that tumor-infiltrating immune cells may have a dual function: inhibiting or promoting tumor growth and progression. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells induce immune tolerance by suppressing host immune responses against self- or non self-antigens, thus playing critical roles in preventing autoimmune diseases, they might inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Recent studies demonstrate that elevated proportions of Treg cells are present in various types of cancers and suppress antitumor immunity. Furthermore, tumor-specific Treg cells can inhibit immune responses only when they are exposed to antigens presented by tumor cells. Therefore, Treg cells at tumor sites have detrimental effects on immunotherapy directed to cancer.

??T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy
??T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy

Author: Marta Barisa

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2024-11-01

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780443217661

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?d T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy: Evidence-Based Perspectives for Clinical Translation discusses the current pre-clinical and clinical ?d T cell landscape. The book not only focuses on the promises of what's to come, but also on the challenges faced by the field. Particular attention is given to summarizing recent advances on what is known about relevant areas of ?d T cell biology on summarizing the 'big picture' clinical situation, an up-to-date systematic clinical trial review covering autologous, allogeneic, engineered and non-engineered therapies, and perspectives on the types of cutting-edge gene-engineering that may be required to enhance the effect-size and durability of therapeutic efficacy. Content provides updated and comprehensive insights into the current state of ?d T cell immunotherapy, including discussions on the promise as well as challenges of the field that is of interest to existing translational ?d T cell specialists, the proliferating range of academic scientists and commercial scientists entering the field, as well as clinicians who may encounter ?d T cell immunotherapy in the clinic or are wishing to familiarize themselves with non-canonical lymphocyte immunotherapy.

Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Models
Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Models

Author: Rajesh Uthamanthil

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-10-13

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 0128040610

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Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Models: Promise, Potential and Practice offers guidance on how to conduct PDX modeling and trials, including how to know when these models are appropriate for use, and how the data should be interpreted through the selection of immunodeficient strains. In addition, proper methodologies suitable for growing different type of tumors, acquisition of pathology, genomic and other data about the tumor, potential pitfalls, and confounding background pathologies that occur in these models are also included, as is a discussion of the facilities and infrastructure required to operate a PDX laboratory. Offers guidance on data interpretation and regulatory aspects Provides useful techniques and strategies for working with PDX models Includes practical tools and potential pitfalls for best practices Compiles all knowledge of PDX models research in one resource Presents the results of first ever global survey on standards of PDX development and usage in academia and industry

Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment

Author: Alexander Birbrair

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-02-08

Total Pages: 153

ISBN-13: 3030357236

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Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book focuses on the role of hematopoietic components of the tumor microenvironment. Further, it teaches readers about the roles of distinct constituents of the tumor microenvironment and how they affect cancer development. Topics include neutrophils, basophils, T helper cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, fibrocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, these books update us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment as well as future directions. Tumor Microenvironment: Hematopoietic Cells – Part A is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells as Disease Modulators
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells as Disease Modulators

Author: Olivera J. Finn

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-05-06

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 2889636771

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Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that can suppress the function of multiple immune cells and in particular, T cells, through various mechanisms. MDSCs can be divided into two major subtypes based on their cell surface phenotype and morphology: polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC or G-MDSC) and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC). Additional subtypes have been proposed, such as the early MDSC (e-MDSC) that lack both macrophage and granulocyte markers. There is still considerable ambiguity about the phenotype of these cells that corresponds to their immunosuppressive function and there are on-going challenges on how to identify, purify and/or potentially generate and expand these cells in vitro. MDSCs were first discovered in cancer patients where they have been most extensively studied as components of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In the last several years, however, the importance of their immunomodulatory role in many other disease and clinical settings has emerged. Acknowledgments We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.

Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Cancer
Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Author: Magdalena Thurin

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2019-09-10

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781493997725

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This book provides the immune oncology (IO) community with a deeper understanding of the scope of the biomarker methods to potentially improve the outcome from immunotherapy. The editors secured the input from experts in the field dedicated to translating scientific research from bench to bedside was submitted. The book provides not only details about the technical, standardization and interpretation aspects of the methods but also introduces the reader to the background information and scientific justification for selected biomarkers and assays. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.