The Cartwright Papers
The Cartwright Papers

Author: Joanna Manning

Publisher: Bridget Williams Books

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1877242454

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The Cervical Cancer Inquiry and its report (known as the Cartwright Report) were momentous events in the recent history of New Zealand. Critical issues were at stake: matters of life and death; the life's work of leaders within the medical profession; professional reputations; public trust in the profession, and its own sense of self-worth. After seven months of considering evidence, Judge Silvia Cartwright, assisted by expert medical and legal teams and drawing on specialist opinion from all over the world, concluded that Associate Professor Herbert Green had been conducting unethical research at National Women's Hospital, and that many women had been affected. This book of essays recounts some of this history. Several of the contributors were participants: Clare Matheson writes as one of the patients; Professor Charlotte Paul was a medical adviser to the Inquiry; Sandra Coney (with Phillida Bunkle) wrote the article leading to the Inquiry; Dr Ron Jones was one of the three authors of the 1984 article, using data from Green's own patients, that demonstrated that carcinoma of the cervix had a significant invasive potential. Other authors are specialists in other fields: Professor Alastair Campbell and Associate Professor Joanna Manning comment from the perspective of medical ethics and medical law respectively; Ron Paterson is the Health and Disability Commissioner; Jan Crosthwaite is a philosopher with expertise in medical ethics. These essays not only review the history but also document how the Cartwright Report changed the whole landscape of medical practice and biomedical research in this country, leading to far better protections for both patients and research participants. Yet despite all the regulatory changes, the most significant change to which the Cartwright Report contributed was attitudinal - a rejection of medical paternalism and a new expectation that patients would be treated as partners in their care. The findings of the Report remain controversial and continue to be debated to this day. This book provides a perspective on the current debates and helps place them in context. As Clare Matheson (one of Green's patients) said: 'We must never forget lest it happen again'. Contributors include: Alastair Campbell, Silvia Cartwright, Sandra Coney, Jan Crosthwaite, Ron Jones, Joanna Manning, Clare Matheson, Ron Paterson, Charlotte Paul.

History and Precedent in Environmental Design
History and Precedent in Environmental Design

Author: Anatol Rapoport

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 515

ISBN-13: 1461305713

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This book is about a new and different way of approaching and studying the history of the built environment and the use of historical precedents in design. However, although what I am proposing is new for what is currently called architectural history, both my approach and even my conclusions are not that new in other fields, as I discovered when I attempted to find supporting evidence. * In fact, of all the disciplines dealing with various aspects of the study of the past, architectural history seems to have changed least in the ways I am advocating. There is currently a revival of interest in the history of architecture and urban form; a similar interest applies to theory, vernacular design, and culture-environment relations. After years of neglect, the study of history and the use of historical precedent are again becoming important. However, that interest has not led to new approaches to the subject, nor have its bases been examined. This I try to do. In so doing, I discuss a more rigorous and, I would argue, a more valid way of looking at historical data and hence of using such data in a theory of the built environment and as precedent in environmental design. Underlying this is my view of Environment-Behavior Studies CEBS) as an emerging theory rather than as data to help design based on current "theory. " Although this will be the subject of another book, a summary statement of this position may be useful.