Natural Biomarkers for Cellular Metabolism
Natural Biomarkers for Cellular Metabolism

Author: Vladimir V. Ghukasyan

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2014-09-26

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 1466509988

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From the Lab to Clinical Settings—Advances in Quantitative, Noninvasive Optical Diagnostics Noninvasive fluorescence imaging techniques, novel fluorescent labels, and natural biomarkers are revolutionizing our knowledge of cellular processes, signaling and metabolic pathways, the underlying mechanisms for health problems, and the identification of new therapeutic targets for drug discoveries. Natural Biomarkers for Cellular Metabolism: Biology, Techniques, and Applications delves into the current state of knowledge on intrinsic fluorescent biomarkers and highlights recent developments in using these biomarkers for the metabolic mapping and clinical diagnosis of healthy and diseased cells and tissues. Autofluorescent Biomarkers for Biomedical Diagnostics The book’s first section introduces the fundamentals of cellular energy metabolism as well as natural biomarkers within the context of their biological functions. The second section outlines the theoretical and technical background of quantitative, noninvasive, autofluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy methods, including experimental design, calibration, pitfalls, and remedies of data acquisition and analysis. The last two sections highlight advances in biomedical and biochemical applications, such as monitoring stem cell differentiation in engineered tissues and diagnosing cancer and ophthalmic diseases quantitatively and noninvasively. Tailored to Interdisciplinary Researchers Covering cell biology, imaging techniques, and clinical diagnostics, this book provides readers with a complete guide to studying cellular/tissue metabolism under healthy, diseased, and environment-induced stress conditions using natural biomarkers. The book is designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, biophysics instructors, medical researchers, and those in pharmaceutical R&D.

Metabolic Profiling: Its Role in Biomarker Discovery and Gene Function Analysis
Metabolic Profiling: Its Role in Biomarker Discovery and Gene Function Analysis

Author: George G. Harrigan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 1461503337

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It is evident that biochemical control is not strictly hierarchical and that intermediary metabolism can contribute to control of regulatory pathways. Metabolic studies are therefore increasingly important in gene function analyses, and an increased interest in metabolites as biomarkers for disease progression or response to therapeutic intervention is also evident in the pharmaceutical industry. This book offers guidelines to currently available technology and bioinformatics and database strategies now being developed. Evidence is presented that metabolic profiling is a valuable addition to genomics and proteomics strategies devoted to drug discovery and development, and that metabolic profiling offers numerous advantages.

Monitoring Metabolic Status
Monitoring Metabolic Status

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2004-08-29

Total Pages: 469

ISBN-13: 0309091594

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The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.

The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism
The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism

Author: Anne Le

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-06-26

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 331977736X

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Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

Author: Karsten König

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-01-22

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13: 3110429985

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This monograph demonstrates the latest developments in two-photon fluorescence microscopy and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, including coverage of high-resolution microscopy methods, such as STED microscopy. A special focus lies on clinical applications of these methods, e.g. in dermatology, ophtalmology, neuro sciences and cell biology.

Biomarkers in Liver Disease
Biomarkers in Liver Disease

Author: Victor R. Preedy

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-07-14

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789400776746

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In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.

Biomarkers in Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Biomarkers in Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Author: Uttam Garg

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-06-07

Total Pages: 477

ISBN-13: 0128029188

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Biomarkers of Inborn Errors in Metabolism: Clinical Aspects and Laboratory Determination is structured around the new reality that laboratory testing and biomarkers are an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment of inherited metabolic diseases. The book covers currently used biomarkers as well as markers that are in development. Because biomarkers used in the initial diagnosis of disease may be different than the follow-up markers, the book also covers biomarkers used in both the prognosis and treatment of inherited metabolic disorders. With the introduction of expanded new-born screening for inborn metabolic diseases, an increasing numbers of laboratories are involved in follow-up confirmatory testing. The book provides guidance on laboratory test selection and interpreting results in patients with suspected inherited metabolic diseases. The book provides comprehensive guidance on patient diagnosis and follow-up through its illustrative material on metabolic pathways, genetics and pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of inherited metabolic diseases, along with essential information on clinical presentation. Each chapter is organized with a uniform, easy-to-follow format: a brief description of the disorder and pathway; a description of treatment; biomarkers for diagnosis; biomarkers followed for treatment efficacy; biomarkers followed for disease progression; confounding conditions that can either: affect biomarker expression or mimic IEMs; other biomarkers: less established, future. Provides comprehensive information on the tests/biomarkers selection in newborn screening and follow-up of newborn screens Categorizes biomarkers into diagnostic markers, disease follow-up markers, and prognostic biomarkers Covers confounding factors that can alter biomarkers in the absence of inborn errors of metabolism Offers guidance on how to distinguish acquired causes from inborn errors of metabolism

Biomarkers for Huntington's Disease
Biomarkers for Huntington's Disease

Author: Elizabeth A. Thomas

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-11-13

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 3031328159

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by chorea, motor instabilities, psychiatric manifestations and cognitive decline. Early genetic testing provides an opportunity for clinical interventions aimed at delaying onset and/or slowing progression of disease; however, current treatments for HD are limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available to manage chorea. Encouragingly, however, several disease-modifying treatment approaches are in the therapeutic pipeline, with more than 200 clinical studies, and many more preclinical studies, in the works. Robust and reliable biomarkers are needed to predict disease onset, monitor disease progression and assess treatment responses. More specifically, biomarkers to stratify patients for clinical trials and biomarkers to track drug efficacy will certainly lead to improved clinical trial design and success. This book represents the first book focused solely on biomarkers for HD and represents a distinct resource that will be informative, not only for clinicians and those involved in clinical trial design, but also for a wide range of neurodegenerative disease researchers. This edited volume is written by top leaders in the field, and takes a cross-disciplinary approach to cover a broad spectrum of biomarker types, in order to provide the latest advances in the development of biochemical, molecular, imaging and digital biomarkers that have been investigated for HD. With the ultimate goal of treating patients, the development of disease-associated biomarkers has never been more important.

High-Throughput Metabolomics
High-Throughput Metabolomics

Author: Angelo D'Alessandro

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2020-06-06

Total Pages: 459

ISBN-13: 9781493992386

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This detailed volume focuses on recent technological, computational, and biostatistical advances in the field of high-throughput metabolomics. Chapters encompass methods, platforms, and analytical strategies for steady state measurements and metabolic flux analysis with stable isotope-labeled tracers, in biological matrices of clinical relevance and model organisms. Mass spectrometry-based or orthogonal methods are discussed, along with computational and statistical methods to address data sparsity in high-throughput metabolomics approaches. As a part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, High-Throughput Metabolomics: Methods and Protocols provides tools that can bring about the next generation of clinical biochemistry in a cost-effective, rigorous fashion, exponentially advancing our capacity to investigate nature while hastening the advent of personalized medicine.

Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health
Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health

Author: Rebecca Fry

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-06-11

Total Pages: 285

ISBN-13: 0128015683

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Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health uses a systems biological perspective to detail the most recent findings that link environmental exposures to human disease, providing an overview of molecular pathways that are essential for cellular survival after exposure to environmental toxicants, recent findings on gene-environment interactions influencing environmental agent-induced diseases, and the development of computational methods to predict susceptibility to environmental agents. Introductory chapters on molecular and cellular biology, toxicology and computational biology are included as well as an assessment of systems-based tools used to evaluate environmental health risks. Further topics include research on environmental toxicants relevant to human health and disease, various high-throughput technologies and computational methods, along with descriptions of the biological pathways associated with disease and the developmental origins of disease as they relate to environmental contaminants. Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health is an essential reference for undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers looking for an introduction in the use of systems biology approaches to assess environmental exposures and their impacts on human health. Provides the first reference of its kind, demonstrating the application of systems biology in environmental health and toxicology Includes introductions to the diverse fields of molecular and cellular biology, toxicology, and computational biology Presents a foundation that helps users understand the connections between the environment and health effects, and the biological mechanisms that link them