Nasa/Gsfc Research Activities for the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle
Nasa/Gsfc Research Activities for the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle

Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-06-03

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 9781720636748

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There are increasing concerns that anthropogenic inputs of carbon dioxide into the Earth system have the potential for climate change. In response to these concerns, the GSFC Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes has formed the Ocean Carbon Science Team (OCST) to contribute to greater understanding of the global ocean carbon cycle. The overall goals of the OCST are to: 1) detect changes in biological components of the ocean carbon cycle through remote sensing of biooptical properties, 2) refine understanding of ocean carbon uptake and sequestration through application of basic research results, new satellite algorithms, and improved model parameterizations, 3) develop and implement new sensors providing critical missing environmental information related to the oceanic carbon cycle and the flux of CO2 across the air-sea interface. The specific objectives of the OCST are to: 1) establish a 20-year time series of ocean color, 2) develop new remote sensing technologies, 3) validate ocean remote sensing observations, 4) conduct ocean carbon cycle scientific investigations directly related to remote sensing data, emphasizing physiological, empirical and coupled physical/biological models, satellite algorithm development and improvement, and analysis of satellite data sets. These research and mission objectives are intended to improve our understanding of global ocean carbon cycling and contribute to national goals by maximizing the use of remote sensing data.Gregg, W. W. and Behrenfield, M. J. and Hoge, F. E. and Esaias, W. E. and Huang, N. E. and Long, S. R. and McClain, C. R.Goddard Space Flight CenterCARBON CYCLE; OCEANS; REMOTE SENSING; NASA PROGRAMS; AIR WATER INTERACTIONS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; WATER COLOR; ANNUAL VARIATIONS; ALGORITHMS; SATELLITE OBSERVATION

Climate Change
Climate Change

Author: Gavin Schmidt

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 9780393331257

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Schmidt, a climate scientist at NASA, and photographer Wolfe seek to advance public education about human-induced climate change in a combination of arresting images and lucid explanations of the science of global warming and the pursuit of global cooperation in adopting new, sustainable ways of living. With contributions by 16 scientists, engineers, writers, activists, and photographers, Schmidt and Wolfe address a host of observable changes, from the melting of ice and permafrost at the poles to the rising of sea levels in cities such as Venice and Miami ... -- Excerpt, Booklist

Ocean Biogeochemistry
Ocean Biogeochemistry

Author: Michael J.R. Fasham

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 3642558445

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Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.

The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change

Author: David E. Reichle

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-02-28

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13: 0443187746

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The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change: Scaling Ecological Energetics from Organism to the Biosphere, Second Edition examines the global carbon cycle and energy balance of the biosphere, following carbon and energy through increasingly complex levels of metabolism—from cells to ecosystems. Utilizing scientific explanations, analyses of ecosystem functions, extensive references, and cutting-edge examples of energy flow in ecosystems, this is an essential resource to aid in understanding the scientific basis of the role of ecological systems in climate change. Includes new chapters on dynamic properties of the global carbon cycle, climate models and projections, and managing carbon in the global biogeochemical cycle. - Addresses the scientific principles governing carbon fluxes at successive hierarchical levels of organization, from cells to the biosphere - Illustrates - through data and diagrams - the complex processes by which carbon moves in the global biogeochemical cycle - Provides new information on tipping points for climate change and why there are climate deniers

The Response of Microalgae and Plankton to Climate Change and Human Activities
The Response of Microalgae and Plankton to Climate Change and Human Activities

Author: Zhaohe Luo

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-02-07

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 2832544428

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The majority of global seafood production and mariculture activities take place in marine coastal water bodies, especially in areas of high primary productivity (from microalgae and plankton). This productivity sustains many forms of ecosystem services and promotes carbon dioxide absorption. However, climate change (ocean warming, acidification, oxygen loss, etc.) and anthropogenic disturbances (nutrients intrusion, aquaculture) have influenced the microalgae/plankton community assemblage and shifted it into a highly productive zone, causing a severe impact on the marine ecosystem, such as an increase in Harmful Algal Blooms, dead zone expansions, and coral-algal phase shifts. So far, there is still little knowledge on the mechanisms of microalgae/plankton community response to these changing environmental conditions. Harmful microalgae impair the marine ecosystem through the production of the so-called shellfish toxins, which cause shellfish contamination and poisoning to the vertebrates, including humans. In addition, some microalgae produce fish-killing toxins (ichthyotoxins), causing increasing damage to marine aquaculture. Besides that, the high productivity/bloom of microalgae in the water due to coastal eutrophication from anthropogenic activities is known to induce hypoxic-anoxic conditions causing a severe economic impact on aquaculture.

The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System
The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System

Author: Caroline C. Ummenhofer

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2024-04-18

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 0128232862

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The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean's circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. - Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders - Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean - Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources