Nanotechnology for Chemical and Biological Defense

Nanotechnology for Chemical and Biological Defense

Author: Margaret Kosal

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-06-11

Total Pages: 163

ISBN-13: 1441900624

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New and unpredicted technologies are emerging at an unprecedented pace around the world. Communication of those new discoveries is occurring faster than ever, meaning that the unique ownership of a piece of new technology is no longer a sufficient position, if not impossible. In today’s world, recognition of the potential applications of a technology and a sense of purpose in exploiting it are far more important than simply having access to it. Technological surprise has and will continue to take many forms. A plethora of new technologies are under development for peaceful means but may have un- tended security consequences and will certainly require innovative counterme- ures. A relevant example is the tremendous development in biotechnology that has occurred since the advent of recombinant DNA and tissue culture-based processes in the 1970s. If US government agencies and the defense and academic commu- ties had more clearly recognized the potential for biotechnology to affect fun- mental security and warfighting doctrines 20 years ago, the situation today could be very different. Defense against chemical and biological weapons – from both states and nonstate actors – currently presents a threat that is difficult to predict and for which traditional solutions are increasingly less effective. Nanotechnology has emerged as a well-funded discipline that, like biote- nology, carries the potential for groundbreaking applications and the potential for unpredictable harm. The world is likely 20 years away from the full impact of the nanotechnology on defensive capabilities.


Nanotechnology to Aid Chemical and Biological Defense

Nanotechnology to Aid Chemical and Biological Defense

Author: Terri A. Camesano

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-10-13

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 9401772185

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This book presents research into chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defense and environmental security, exploring practical implications of the research. Contributions from a diverse group of international civilian researchers present the latest work on nanotechnology problems in this area, looking at detection, protective technologies, decontamination and threats to environmental security due to bacteriophages and nanomaterials. Highlights include the potential of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterize the nanoscale properties of microbial pathogens, the development of bacteriophage-based therapeutics, prophylactic and diagnostic preparations and their uses in different fields, such as medicine, veterinary, agriculture, food and water safety, amongst others. Readers may also consider an inexpensive bioassay suited for assessing chemical poisoning in the environment such as the presence of pesticides, sensors to detect ultra-trace quantities of the explosive Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using nanotubes and electrochemical sensors to simultaneously detect and reduce the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) in solution. This book shows how cooperative research among NATO countries and NATO partners can make a critical contribution to meeting the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology problems relevant to chemical and biological defense needs. The papers presented here are representative of contributions made to the Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on September 22-26, 2014 in Antalya, Turkey, to address the NATO SPS Key Priority of Defense against CBRN Agents and Environmental Security.


Nanotechnology in the Defense Industry

Nanotechnology in the Defense Industry

Author: Madhuri Sharon

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-10-22

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 1119460123

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This book will be about various aspects related to applications and use of knowledge of nanotechnology in promoting defense activities. The area in which scientists are focusing includes (i) nano-devices such as sensors, GPS & computers, chemical & biological weapons, nano-fabrics, bulletproof materials, nano-stealth coating, use of nanotechnology in various areas of aerospace. It is intended to cover available methodologies and understanding of technologies for these applications. Not only for destructive but also to improve medical and casualty, safety care for soldiers, and to produce lightweight, strong and multi-functional materials for use in body armour, both for protection and to provide enhanced connectivity will be covered.


Nanotechnology and Homeland Security

Nanotechnology and Homeland Security

Author: Daniel Ratner

Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 9780131453074

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Explaining how nanotechnology works and looking at recent advances and the future of the field, this book offers a simple, brief, almost math-free introduction for nonscientists.


Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Author: Jonathan B. Tucker

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 367

ISBN-13: 0262017172

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Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a "dual-use dilemma" because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits . Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a "decision framework" for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.


Nanoscale Materials for Warfare Agent Detection: Nanoscience for Security

Nanoscale Materials for Warfare Agent Detection: Nanoscience for Security

Author: Carla Bittencourt

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-05-24

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 940241620X

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This book presents a blueprint for researchers in the area of nanotechnology for chemical defense, especially with regard to future research on detection and protection. It addresses the synthesis of complex nanomaterials with potential applications in a broad range of sensing systems. Above all, it discusses novel experimental and theoretical tools for characterizing and modeling nanostructures and their integration in complex systems. The book also includes electronic structure calculations exploring the atomic and quantum mechanical mechanisms behind molecular binding and identification, so as to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of the capabilities and limitations of various nanomaterial approaches. Gathering contributions by scientists with diverse backgrounds, the book offers a wealth of insightful information for all scientists whose work involves material science and its applications in sensing.


New War Technologies and International Law

New War Technologies and International Law

Author: Kobi Leins

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-02-03

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 110887181X

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The desire for humanity and the desire for security have co-existed as long as humans have been alive. As science has become increasingly sophisticated, so have the methods of self-defence by States. Nanotechnology is already changing warfare by increasing capabilities upon which armed forces are heavily reliant: more efficient energy storage, advanced photovoltaics, and improved military protective equipment to name a few of these developments. Some applications of nanomaterials by the military are both powerful and subtle, and have neurological and biological applications: 'devices that can infiltrate electronics and seize control at crucial moments, artificial “disease” agents that can rest harmlessly in victims' bodies until activated by an external signal'. The advance of the use or contemplation of use of these types of nanoscale applications by the military requires urgent analysis in light of existing international law, particularly in light of their potential effects on humans and on the environment.


Nanotechnology for Defence Applications

Nanotechnology for Defence Applications

Author: Narendra Kumar

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-11-01

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 3030298809

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This book examines the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology in military defence strategies. Both historical and current perspectives on military technologies are discussed. The book provides comprehensive details on current trends in the application of nanotechnology to ground, air, and naval specializations. Furthermore, nanotechnology-enabled high energy explosives and propellants, chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear threats and their detection/protection, and camouflage and stealth for signature management of military targets in multispectral wavelength signals are analyzed. The book also covers nanotechnology-enabled armor and platforms, which may serve as lightweight and high mechanical strength options in contrast to conventional systems. Finally, the book also emphasizes future military applications of nanotechnology and its integration into ‘smart’ materials. Provides comprehensive details on trends in the application of nanotechnology to ground, air, and naval defence systems; Examines the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology in military defence strategies; Offers pathways and research avenues for development of nanotechnology and materials applications in military capacities.


Chemical and Biological Defense Test and Evaluation (T&E) Future Challenges

Chemical and Biological Defense Test and Evaluation (T&E) Future Challenges

Author: James J. Valdes

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13:

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The objective of this study was to identify emerging technical, methodological, and infrastructure challenges for future Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) Test and Evaluation (T&E) investment, and to serve as a prequel to the development of a full strategic T&E Roadmap. Science and technology has been moving at an exponential pace, especially within disciplines critical to the CBD program. These primarily include the biological sciences, especially systems and synthetic biology and structural biology; information science, particularly bioinformatics; nanotechnology, specifically the ability to tailor nanomaterials from "the ground up, " and to design and fabricate devices on the nanoscale; and combinatorial chemistry. These rapid developments underpin both next generation threats and new countermeasure technologies that must be subjected to rigorous T&E before fielding.