Mycological Techniques: Identification of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins
Mycological Techniques: Identification of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins

Author: Ajay K. Gautam

Publisher: Scientific Publishers

Published: 2019-03-15

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 938804391X

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Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins” is a manual designed to aid the guidelines and techniques applied in mycological laboratory and in the other allied fields. This handbook is based on research conducted by many renowned scientists on fungi and related mycotoxins, and the practical approach to the isolation and identification of toxigenic strains of fungi as well as their related fungal toxins, called as Mycotoxins, commonly met on stored food and other materials. Students hopefully will find the information on important fungi particularly related to storage and field conditions and secondary metabolites produced during the growth of fungi on food and other substrates. Reports of many esearchers, scientists, and books from all over globe indicate direct relation between the incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi, extent of mycotoxin contamination and their prevalence revealed their relation to some of the human ailments. Most of the mycotoxins mainly aflatoxins, ochratoxins A and fumonisins are posing serious health hazards in Asian countries. In the context of Indian climatic conditions, need of assessing and preparation of a comprehensive account related to consumption of contaminated food and feed is essential in order to highlight the problems and their health hazards due to mycotoxins. Present attempt is made to provide recent developments in the subject so that researchers interested may get clear understanding of the problems. This Handbook deals with general aspects of mycological techniques, mycotoxins covering detailed information of mycotoxigenic fungi and their identification.

Molecular Techniques in Food Biology
Molecular Techniques in Food Biology

Author: Aly Farag El Sheikha

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-04-09

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 111937460X

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Molecular Techniques in Food Biology: Safety, Biotechnology, Authenticity & Traceability explores all aspects of microbe-food interactions, especially as they pertain to food safety. Traditional morphological, physiological, and biochemical techniques for the detection, differentiation, and identification of microorganisms have severe limitations. As an alternative, many of those responsible for monitoring food safety are turning to molecular tools for identifying foodborne microorganisms. This book reviews the latest molecular techniques for detecting, identifying, and tracing microorganisms in food, addressing both good foodborne microbes, such as those used for fermentation and in probiotics, and harmful ones responsible for foodborne illness and food quality control problems. Molecular Techniques in Food Biology: Safety, Biotechnology, Authenticity & Traceability brings together contributions by leading international authorities in food biology from academe, industry, and government. Chapters cover food microbiology, food mycology, biochemistry, microbial ecology, food biotechnology and bio-processing, food authenticity, food origin traceability, and food science and technology. Throughout, special emphasis is placed on novel molecular techniques relevant to food biology research and for monitoring and assessing food safety and quality. Brings together contributions from scientists at the leading edge of the revolution in molecular food biology Explores how molecular techniques can satisfy the dire need to deepen our understanding of how microbial communities develop in foods of all types and in all forms Covers all aspects of food safety and hygiene, microbial ecology, food biotechnology and bio-processing, food authenticity, food origin traceability, and more Fills a yawning gap in the world literature on food traceability using molecular techniques This book is an important working resource for professionals in agricultural, food science, biomedicine, and government involved in food regulation and safety. It is also an excellent reference for advanced students in agriculture, food science and food technology, biochemistry, microbiology, and biotechnology, as well as academic researchers in those fields.

Mycotoxigenic Fungi
Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Author: Antonio Moretti

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2016-12-06

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781493967056

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This thorough volume explores the possibility of detecting and identifying toxigenic fungi, able to produce secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which cause severe health problems in humans and animals after exposure to contaminated food and feed, having a broad range of toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Beginning with a section on fungal genera and species of major significance along with their associated mycotoxins, the book continues with sections on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods for the detection and identification of mycotoxigenic fungi, PCR-based methods for multiplex detection of mycotoxigenic fungi, as well as sections on combined approaches and new methodologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Mycotoxigenic Fungi: Methods and Protocols will aid researchers working in this vital field to provide insight into possible actions to reduce mycotoxin contamination of crop plants and the food/feed byproducts.

PLANT BREEDING IN 21ST CENTURY
PLANT BREEDING IN 21ST CENTURY

Author: B.D. Singh

Publisher: Scientific Publishers

Published: 2019-05-01

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13: 9389061288

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The discipline of plant breeding has undergone transformation due to the assimilation of the rapid developments in molecular biology. The existing books on plant breeding deal mainly with the classical approaches, while specialized books on molecular approaches usually lack discussion of the classical methods. The book Plant Breeding for 21st Century attempts to present the complete picture of plant breeding ranging from the classical to the molecular approaches applied to crop improvement. The book is divided into four sections: Classical Plant Breeding, Transgenic technology, Molecular Markers, and Miscellaneous. The first section deals with the classical plant breeding and is divided into eight chapters. The second section has four chapters and describes transgenic technology. The third section discusses various aspects of molecular markers and is spread over three chapters. The final section has a single chapter dealing with variety release, seed multiplication and intellectual property rights. This book is designed primarily for graduate students, viz., B.Sc. agriculture and B.Sc. science students with botany as one of the subjects, who would get their first exposure to plant breeding. It would also be useful for the post-graduate students, especially in botany, and to teachers of the subject. The book is written in simple and easy to understand language. Illustrations and photographs have been provided wherever they were expected to facilitate comprehension of the subject under discussion.

Fungi and Food Spoilage
Fungi and Food Spoilage

Author: John I. Pitt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 599

ISBN-13: 1461563917

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This book is designed as a laboratory guide for the food microbiologist, to assist in the isolation and identification of common food-borne fungi. We emphasise the fungi which cause food spoilage, but also devote space to the fungi commonly encountered in foods at harvest, and in the food factory. As far as possible, we have kept the text simple, although the need for clarity in the descriptions has necessitated the use of some specialised mycological terms. The identification keys have been designed for use by microbiologists with little or no prior knowledge of mycology. For identification to genus level, they are based primarily on the cultural and physiological characteristics of fungi grown under a standardised set of conditions. The microscopic features of the various fungi become more important when identifying isolates at the species level. Nearly all of the species treated have been illustrated with colony photographs, together with photomicrographs or line drawings. The photomicrographs were taken using a Zeiss WL microscope fitted with Nomarski interference contrast optics. We are indebted to Mr W. Rushton and Ms L. Burton, who printed the many hundreds of photographs used to make up the figures in this book. We also wish to express out appreciation to Dr D.L. Hawksworth, Dr A.H.S.

Microbial Toxins
Microbial Toxins

Author: P. Gopalakrishnakone

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-03-14

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 9789400764484

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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.

Molecular Identification of Fungi
Molecular Identification of Fungi

Author: Youssuf Gherbawy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-03-03

Total Pages: 511

ISBN-13: 3642050425

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Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.

Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed
Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed

Author: Sarah De Saeger

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2011-02-07

Total Pages: 452

ISBN-13: 0857090976

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Mycotoxins - toxic secondary metabolites produced by mycotoxigenic fungi – pose a significant risk to the food chain. Indeed, they may be the most hazardous of all food contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity and legislative limits on their levels in food and feed continue to be developed worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for the determination of both mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in food and feed are therefore essential. This book reviews current and emerging methods in this area.Part one focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation and clean-up and key determination techniques, such as chromatographic separation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods. Part two then goes on to describe quality assurance, official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed. Topics covered include laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty. The development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins are discussed in part three. Individual chapters focus on detecting exposure in humans and animals. Part four is concerned with the processes involved in determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed. It also describes the identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis, as well as DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi. Finally, part five explores some of the emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis, ranging from bio-sensing to spectroscopic techniques.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Determining mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed is a standard reference for all those concerned with reducing mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. - Focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation, clean-up and key determination techniques - Documents quality assurance and official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed - Explores the processes of determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed including the identification of genes and gene clusters

MALDI-TOF and Tandem MS for Clinical Microbiology
MALDI-TOF and Tandem MS for Clinical Microbiology

Author: Haroun N. Shah

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-03-31

Total Pages: 850

ISBN-13: 1118960238

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This book highlights the triumph of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry over the past decade and provides insight into new and expanding technologies through a comprehensive range of short chapters that enable the reader to gauge their current status and how they may progress over the next decade. This book serves as a platform to consolidate current strengths of the technology and highlight new frontiers in tandem MS/MS that are likely to eventually supersede MALDI-TOF MS. Chapters discuss: Challenges of Identifying Mycobacterium to the Species level Identification of Bacteroides and Other Clinically Relevant Anaerobes Identification of Species in Mixed Microbial Populations Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Proteomics as a biomarker discovery and validation platform Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mycotoxins and Food Safety
Mycotoxins and Food Safety

Author: Jonathan W. DeVries

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-03-31

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 9780306467806

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Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.