Muscarinic Receptors
Muscarinic Receptors

Author: Allison D. Fryer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-01-06

Total Pages: 501

ISBN-13: 3642232744

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have played a key role in the advancement of knowledge of pharmacology and neurotransmission since the inception of studies in these fields, and the effects of naturally occurring drugs acting on muscarinic receptors were known and exploited for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes for hundreds of years before the existence of the receptors themselves was recognized. This volume presents a broad yet detailed review of current knowledge of muscarinic receptors that will be valuable both to long-time muscarinic investigators and to those new to the field. It describes the detailed insights that have been obtained on the structure, function, and cell biology of muscarinic receptors. This volume also describes physiological analyses of muscarinic receptors and their roles in regulating the function of the brain and of a variety of peripheral tissues. This volume shows how the study of muscarinic receptors continues to provide new and surprising insights not just to the cholinergic system but to the broad areas of neurobiology, cell biology, pharmacology, and therapeutics.

Muscarinic Receptors
Muscarinic Receptors

Author: Allison D. Fryer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-01-07

Total Pages: 501

ISBN-13: 3642232736

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have played a key role in the advancement of knowledge of pharmacology and neurotransmission since the inception of studies in these fields, and the effects of naturally occurring drugs acting on muscarinic receptors were known and exploited for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes for hundreds of years before the existence of the receptors themselves was recognized. This volume presents a broad yet detailed review of current knowledge of muscarinic receptors that will be valuable both to long-time muscarinic investigators and to those new to the field. It describes the detailed insights that have been obtained on the structure, function, and cell biology of muscarinic receptors. This volume also describes physiological analyses of muscarinic receptors and their roles in regulating the function of the brain and of a variety of peripheral tissues. This volume shows how the study of muscarinic receptors continues to provide new and surprising insights not just to the cholinergic system but to the broad areas of neurobiology, cell biology, pharmacology, and therapeutics.

The Muscarinic Receptors
The Muscarinic Receptors

Author: Joan Heller Brown

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 485

ISBN-13: 1461244986

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Research on muscarinic receptors is advancing at an extraordinary rate. Ten years ago, the existence of muscarinic receptor sub types was a logical assumption with only scattered experimen tal support. The discovery that pirenzepine recognized apparent heterogeneity in muscarinic binding sites infused new life into the problem of subclassifying muscarinic receptors. Simultaneous advances in molecular biology created a frenzy to clone cell sur face receptors. The muscarinic receptor succumbed surprisingly quickly, revealing its structure and that of at least four closely related gene products within a year. Our hope of obtaining clear evidence for muscarinic receptor subtypes was answered with a vengeance. Now a family of muscarinic receptors sits before us, asking to be understood. The bounty is as attractive to those who have not previously studied muscarinic receptors as to those who have dedicated their research careers to this subject. The goal of this book is to ensure that the new generation of research will profit from the wisdom of the past. The tools of molecular biology are well suited to the tasks of characteriz ing the pharmacology, function, and regulation of the distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes. However, efficient and intelligent use of these tools is not possible, unless one understands the properties of the receptor, the molecular mechanisms by which it couples to effectors, and the ways that it is regulated.

Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment
Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment

Author: Edward D. Levin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-06-22

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13: 1420004336

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The costs associated with a drug's clinical trials are so significant that it has become necessary to validate both its safety and efficacy in animal models prior to the continued study of the drug in humans. Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairmen

Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Smooth Muscle
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Smooth Muscle

Author: Richard M. Eglen

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-10-08

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 1000142388

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This book explores several subtypes of muscarinic receptors that modulate smooth muscle activity. Main topics include a classification of muscarinic receptors, biochemical responses that occur in smooth muscle, the role of muscarinic receptors in the function of gastrointestinal and genitourinary smooth muscle, and prejunctional muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle. Discussions cover the current state of research and are intended to generate further research into the design of novel therapeutics for disorders of smooth muscle function.

The Muscarinic Receptors
The Muscarinic Receptors

Author: Joan Heller Brown

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2012-01-22

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 9781461288473

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Research on muscarinic receptors is advancing at an extraordinary rate. Ten years ago, the existence of muscarinic receptor sub types was a logical assumption with only scattered experimen tal support. The discovery that pirenzepine recognized apparent heterogeneity in muscarinic binding sites infused new life into the problem of subclassifying muscarinic receptors. Simultaneous advances in molecular biology created a frenzy to clone cell sur face receptors. The muscarinic receptor succumbed surprisingly quickly, revealing its structure and that of at least four closely related gene products within a year. Our hope of obtaining clear evidence for muscarinic receptor subtypes was answered with a vengeance. Now a family of muscarinic receptors sits before us, asking to be understood. The bounty is as attractive to those who have not previously studied muscarinic receptors as to those who have dedicated their research careers to this subject. The goal of this book is to ensure that the new generation of research will profit from the wisdom of the past. The tools of molecular biology are well suited to the tasks of characteriz ing the pharmacology, function, and regulation of the distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes. However, efficient and intelligent use of these tools is not possible, unless one understands the properties of the receptor, the molecular mechanisms by which it couples to effectors, and the ways that it is regulated.

Functional Neurobiology of Aging
Functional Neurobiology of Aging

Author: Patrick R. Hof

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2001-01-11

Total Pages: 989

ISBN-13: 008052558X

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Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments. Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the material Addresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseases Written by leading researchers in the field Most comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging

Muscarinic Receptors in Airways Diseases
Muscarinic Receptors in Airways Diseases

Author: Johan Zaagsma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-03-08

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 3034883587

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What are the different muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and how are they distributed in the airways and molecular signalling mechanisms? What is their function in neurogenic and non-neurogenic control of the airways and in inflammatory mechanisms? How is their gene expression regulated? The great importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic inflammatory obstructive airways diseases calls for a comprehensive and integrated overview of the current knowledge to address such questions, to discuss the role of these receptor subtypes in diseases such as asthma and COPD, and to present novel perspectives on antimuscarinic drug development. The present book is the worthy result of this need. It points out innovative insights into the hitherto poorly understood role of postjunctional muscarinic M2 receptors in airway smooth muscle contraction and sheds some light on the novel concepts of antimuscarinic drug development, with special reference to the l

Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in the GI Tract
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in the GI Tract

Author: G. Lux

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 95

ISBN-13: 3642706681

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The differentiation between the muscarinic and the nicotinic ef fects of acetylcholine led to the subdivision of the cholinergic ner vous system into two categories. Further studies showed that stimu lating and inhibiting muscarinic effects could be demonstrated in different organs. For instance, gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility are stimulated, while heart rate and the vascular muscula ture are inhibited. For decades, it could not be determined whether the various ef fects were mediated by different subgroups of muscarinic receptors, but eventually, with the availability of agonists and antagonists to muscarinic receptors, and using various techniques, the existence of at least two such subgroups could be ascertained . . Mt receptors are defined by their high affinity for the antagonist pirenzipine in comparison to M2 receptors. This subdivision of muscarinic receptors has since been proved beyond doubt by experi ments in vivo and in vitro, by receptor binding studies, by histoauto radiography, and by electrophysiological studies. However, these different classes of muscarinic receptors have not been found to relate to different types of effects; instead both excit atory and inhibitory effects appear to be linked to each class. For ex ample, excitation of gut motility and inhibition of cardiac contrac tile activities both appear to be mediated by M2 receptors, while ex citation of some nerves in sympathetic ganglia and inhibition of some myenteric nerves may be mediated by M receptors.