Multimodal Torus in the Weakly Electric Fish Eigenmannia
Multimodal Torus in the Weakly Electric Fish Eigenmannia

Author: Henning Scheich

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 78

ISBN-13: 3642691668

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Ever since the behavioral work of Lissrnann (1958), who showed that the weak electric discharges of some families of fish (hitherto considered useless for prey capture or for scaring away enemies) are part of a strange sensory system, these fish have attracted attention from biologists. The subsequent discovery of the electroreceptors in the skin of gymnotids and mormyrids (Bullock et al. 1961; Fessard and Szabo 1961) and the evidence that the ampullae of Lorenzini of nonelectric sharks and rays are also electro receptors (Digkgraaf and Kalmijn 1962) was a start for a lively branch of physiological, anatomical, and behavioral research. Many fmdings of general importance for these fields have made the case to which extremes the performance of the central and peri pheral nervous systems can be driven. Among those fmdings is the temporal accuracy of the pacemaker of some high-frequency fish which controls the electric organ, pro bably the most accurate biological clock (coefficient of variation

Neural Nets in Electric Fish
Neural Nets in Electric Fish

Author: Walter Heiligenberg

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1991-10-24

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 0262519135

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Heiligenberg's pioneering research describes the behavior of one species, the jamming avoidance response in the electric fish Eigenmannia, providing a rich mine of data that documents the first vertebrate example of the workings of the entire behavioral system from sensory input to motor output. Neural Nets in Electric Fish presents the principles and detailed results that have emerged from this exciting program. Heiligenberg's introduction familiarizes the reader with the unusual sensory modality electroreception, demonstrating the rationale and the motive behind the research. The text, which includes many helpful new pedagogical graphs, takes up the behavioral work done in the early 1980s, from explorations of peripheral receptors, the hindbrain, the midbrain, and finally diencephalon, to the most recent studies of motor output. Neural Nets in Electric Fish clearly describes Heiligenberg's analysis of the complex nature of the electrical stimulus delivered to Eigenmannia during jamming avoidance, and explains the novel two-parameter notation he uses to represent the different stages in information processing, giving many examples of the notation's power. The book relates all known behavioral phenomena of the jamming avoidance response to specific properties of the underlying neural network organization and draws interesting parallels between the electric sense and other sensory processing systems, such as the barn owl's sound localization system, motion detection systems in vision, and bat echolocation.

Electrocommunication in Teleost Fishes
Electrocommunication in Teleost Fishes

Author: Bernd Kramer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 3642840264

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Some fishes test their environment by generating electric fields outside their bodies (man's first contact with electricity). To send and receive electric signals, one's own or those from a neighbor, is the basis of some bony fishes' unusual sensory capacities that enable them to lead a secret, nocturnal life. This volume provides the reader with a detailed account of these fishes' biology and behavior and their sophisticated sensory capacities. The phylogenetic relationships of the fish taxa involved are discussed as well as the physiology and anatomy of the electrosensory-motor-system and the integration to form an efficient intelligence system. The main emphasis is on the descriptive and experimental analysis of electric communication behavior in a variety of species, including studies of digital signal synthesis. Whenever possible, mechanisms of communication are indicated.

The Comparative Anatomy of Neurons: Homologous Neurons in the Medial Geniculate Body of the Opossum and the Cat
The Comparative Anatomy of Neurons: Homologous Neurons in the Medial Geniculate Body of the Opossum and the Cat

Author: D. Kent Morest

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13: 3642706525

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6 Acknowledgments 87 7 References 88 Subject Index 95 VIII Abbreviations A cerebral aqueduct anterior deep dorsal nucleus, CGM AD AP anterior pretectal nucleus AR auditory radiation ASD anterior superficial dorsal nucleus, CGM BA brachium, accessory (medial) nucleus, IC BIC brachium of inferior colliculus BSC brachium of superior colliculus cerebellum CB CC caudal cortex, IC CF cuneate fasciculus CG central gray CGL lateral geniculate body medial geniculate body CGM commissure of inferior colliculus CIC CIN central intralaminar nucleus CL lateral part of commissural nucleus, IC CM central medial nucleus CN central nucleus, IC CORD spinal cord CP cerebral peduncle CSC commissure, SC CUN cuneiform area, IC D dorsal nucleus, CGM DA anterior dorsal nucleus, CGM DC dorsal cortex, IC DD deep dorsal nucleus, CGM DI dorsal intercollicular area DM dorsomedial nucleus, IC DMCP decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle DS superficial dorsal nucleus, CGM EYE enucleation FX fornix GN gracile nucleus HIT habenulo-interpeduncular tract inferior colliculus IC III oculomotor nerve IN interpeduncular nucleus L posterior limitans nucleus LC laterocaudal nucleus, IC LI lateral intercollicular area LL lateral lemniscus lateral mesencephalic nucleus LMN LN lateral nucleus, IC LP lateral posterior nucleus LPc caudal part of lateral posterior nucleus LV pars lateralis, ventral nucleus, CGM M medial division, CGM MB mammillary bodies middle cerebellar peduncle MCP MES V mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal tract MI medial intercollicular area ML medial lemniscus MLF medial longitudinal fasciculus MT mammillothalamic tract MZ marginal zone, CGM OC oculomotor nuclei occipital cortex lesion OCC OT optic tract.

Current Catalog
Current Catalog

Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Publisher:

Published:

Total Pages: 1964

ISBN-13:

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First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

The Surface-Contact Glia
The Surface-Contact Glia

Author: F. Hajos

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 89

ISBN-13: 3642696236

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1. 1 Brief History The diversity of cells constituting the central nervous system did not deceive last century neurohistologists in recognizing that this organ contained essentially two cell types: the nerve cells, or as termed according to the emerging concept of neural contiguity, the neurons, and the neuroglial cells. Neurons were clearly shown to be the means of excitability, impulse generation, impulse transmission, and connectivity in the neural tissue. The neuroglia, as indicated by its name (YAloc=cement or glue) given by Virchow (1860), was thought to be the cement ing material ensuring the coherence of the nervous tissue, filling in the spaces of the neuropil, and isolating neuronal cell bodies. While this supposedly passive role did not attract multidisciplinary research on the neuroglia, successful efforts were made to extend our knowledge of the physiology, morphology, and bio chemistry of neurons. As a result of this, the investigation of the neuroglia carried out in the first half of this century was mainly confined to morphology, often as a by-product of comprehensive analyses of neuronal systems. At any rate, the histological classification of the neuroglia was accomplished, laying a framework which has been used to the present day. Accordingly, the glia was divided into two major groups: the macro- and microglia. The former comprises two further subclasses, the astroglia and oligodendroglia.