The only book to provide a complete survey -- from the crystallographic fundamentals right up to recent high-tech applications in aerospace technology. Following a general introduction to the topic, the authors go on to cover the crystal chemistry of mullite and related phases, as well as its basic properties, phase equilibria and stability. One whole section is devoted to the synthesis and processing of mullite ceramics, while later ones cover mullite coatings, fibers and matrix composites. For materials scientists, solid state chemists and physicists, crystallographers and mineralogists.
This valuable handbook has been compiled by internationally renowned researchers in the field. Each chapter is focused on a specific composite system or a class of composites, presenting a detailed description of processing, properties, and applications.
High-temperature ceramic fibers are the key components of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Ceramic fiber properties (strength, temperature and creep resistance, for example)-along with the debonding characteristics of their coatings-determine the properties of CMCs. This report outlines the state of the art in high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings, assesses fibers and coatings in terms of future needs, and recommends promising avenues of research. CMCs are also discussed in this report to provide a context for discussing high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings.
The goal of Interface Science and Composites is to facilitate the manufacture of technological materials with optimized properties on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular structure of interfaces and their resulting influence on composite materials processes. From the early development of composites of various natures, the optimization of the interface has been of major importance. While there are many reference books available on composites, few deal specifically with the science and mechanics of the interface of materials and composites. Further, many recent advances in composite interfaces are scattered across the literature and are here assembled in a readily accessible form, bringing together recent developments in the field, both from the materials science and mechanics perspective, in a single convenient volume. The central theme of the book is tailoring the interface science of composites to optimize the basic physical principles rather than on the use of materials and the mechanical performance and structural integrity of composites with enhanced strength/stiffness and fracture toughness (or specific fracture resistance). It also deals mainly with interfaces in advanced composites made from high-performance fibers, such as glass, carbon, aramid, and some inorganic fibers, and matrix materials encompassing polymers, carbon, metals/alloys, and ceramics. Includes chapter on the development of a nanolevel dispersion of graphene particles in a polymer matrix Focus on tailoring the interface science of composites to optimize the basic physical principles Covers mainly interfaces in advanced composites made from high performance fibers
The global increase in air travel will require commercial vehicles to be more efficient than ever before. Advanced engine hot section materials are a key technology required to keep fuel consumption and emission to a minimum in next-generation gas turbines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the most promising material to revolutionize gas turbine hot section materials technology because of their excellent high‐temperature properties. Rapid surface recession due to volatilization by water vapor is the Achilles heel of CMCs. Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is an enabling technology for CMCs, since it protects CMCs from water vapor. The first CMC component entered into service in 2016 in a commercial engine, and more CMC components are scheduled to follow within the next few years. One of the most difficult challenges to CMC components is EBC durability, because failure of EBC leads to a rapid reduction in CMC component life. Key contributors to EBC failure include recession, oxidation, degradation by calcium‐aluminum‐magnesium silicates (CMAS) deposits, thermal and thermo‐mechanical strains, particle erosion, and foreign object damage (FOD). Novel EBC chemistries, creative EBC designs, and robust processes are required to meet EBC durability challenges. Engine-relevant testing, characterization, and lifing methods need to be developed to improve EBC reliability. The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent advances in EBC technology to address these issues. In particular, topics of interest include but are not limited to the following: • Novel EBC chemistries and designs; • Processing including plasma spray, suspension plasma spray, solution precursor plasma spray, slurry process, PS-PVD, EB-PVD, and CVD; • Testing, characterization, and modeling; • Lifing.
Present and future demands of high-temperature technology / A.E. Weller and F.L. Bagby -- Chemistry -- High-temperature thermodynamics / John L. Margrave -- High-temperature vapor species / Richard F. Porter -- High temperature reactions / John L. Margrave and Gleb Mamantov -- Materials -- Selection of materials / J.M. Smith -- Refractory metals and metalloids / R.I. Jaffee, D.J. Maykuth, and E.M. Sherwood -- Graphite / W.C. Riley -- Oxide ceramics / S.W. Bradstreet -- Commercial oxide refractories / H.D. Sheets and John D. Sullivan -- Carbides for high-temperature applications / J.H. Westbrook and E.R. Stover -- Borides / C.F. Powell -- Nitrides / John M. Blocher, Jr. -- Silicides / Ralph Wehrmann -- Sulfides / Lawrence M. Litz and John M. Blocher, Jr. -- Itermetallic compounds / Earle Ryba -- Cermets / John C. Redmond -- Refractory coatings / S.W. Bradstreet -- Plastic composites / G.P. Peterson and D.L. Schmidt -- Methods -- Attainment of high temperature / Robert Bakish and George Barber -- Containment of hot matter / George Comenetz and J.C.R. Kelly, Jr. -- Special methods for fabrication of metals and refractories / F.W. Boulger and C.T. Olofson -- Sintering mechanism of nonmetallic and metallic refractories / D.R. Wilder -- Attainment of high pressures at high temperatures / C.M. Schwartz -- Thermal insulation / George H. Kesler -- Measurements -- Temperature measurement / John I. Slaughter and John L. Margrave -- Heat transfer / George H. Kesler -- Mechanical properties at high temperatures / J.W. Pugh -- Determination of thermophysical properties / E.M. Sherwood.
The purpose of Oxide-Based Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites is to provide comprehensive information on the most recent successful findings. The book consists of six chapters which characterize the current state of the art concerning oxide-based fiber-reinforced composites. Chapter one provides an introduction, examples of application areas and background information. Chapter two deals with the primary material properties for the areas of application and lists the possible constituent parts of the composites, depending on particular demands. Chapter three explains both the past and present fabrication methods which can affect the performance of the composites. Chapter four defines the interphase-related phenomena and describes the mechanical characteristics of the oxide-based fiber-reinforced composite, produced with different interphases. Chapter five deals with the fabrication route, functionality and mechanical characterization of the porous-matrix composites. The last chapter summarizes the present achievements and identifies requirements for reaching the goal, thereby providing a promising course for future research.
