Bioinformatics Tools for the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits in Chickens
Bioinformatics Tools for the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits in Chickens

Author: Claudia Paola Cabrera Cárdenas

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13:

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This thesis explores the genetic characterization of the mechanisms underlying complex traits in chicken through the use and development of bioinformatics tools. The characterization of quantitative trait loci controlling complex traits has proven to be very challenging. This thesis comprises the study of experimental designs, annotation procedures and functional analyses. These represent some of the main 'bottlenecks' involved in the integration of QTLs with the biological interpretation of high-throughput technologies. The thesis begins with an investigation of the bioinformatics tools and procedures available for genome research, briefly reviewing microarray technology and commonly applied experimental designs. A targeted experimental design based on the concept of genetical genomics is then presented and applied in order to study a known functional QTL responsible for chicken body weight. This approach contrasts the gene expression levels of two alternative QTL genotypes, hence narrowing the QTL-phenotype gap, and, giving a direct quantification of the link between the genotypes and the genetic responses. Potential candidate genes responsible for the chicken body weight QTL are identified by using the location of the genes, their expression and biological significance. In order to deal with the multiple sources of information and exploit the data effectively, a systematic approach and a relational database were developed to improve the annotation of the probes of the ARK-Genomics G. gallus 13K v4.0 cDNA array utilized on the experiment. To follow up the investigation of the targeted genetical genomics study, a detailed functional analysis is performed on the dataset. The aim is to identify the downstream effects through the identification of functional variation found in pathways, and secondly to achieve a further characterization of potential candidate genes by using comparative genomics and sequence analyses. Finally the investigation of the body weight QTL syntenic regions and their reported QTLs are presented.

Genetics of Animal Health and Disease in Livestock
Genetics of Animal Health and Disease in Livestock

Author: Bianca Castiglioni

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-06-02

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 3036508961

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Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces.

Avian Immunology
Avian Immunology

Author: Bernd Kaspers

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2011-04-28

Total Pages: 505

ISBN-13: 0080557597

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The science underpinning avian immunology is crucial to understanding basic immunological principles and the exceptional features of the avian immune system, as different strategies birds have adopted can provide important evolutionary insights. This book provides the most complete picture of the avian immune system so far. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, the threat of an avian influenza pandemic and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks world-wide demonstrates the need to review the important practical lessons in disease control presented here. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field this book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive review of avian immunology of the field so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the ‘Ecoimmunology’ of free-living avian species, assessing the importance of this subject for studying population dynamics and reviewing the methods and resources available for carrying out such research

Avian Immunology
Avian Immunology

Author: Bernd Kaspers

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 0123972728

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The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research

Diseases of Poultry
Diseases of Poultry

Author:

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-11-19

Total Pages: 1488

ISBN-13: 1119371171

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The most complete and definitive reference to all aspects of poultry diseases, Diseases of Poultry, Fourteenth Edition has been fully revised and updated to offer a comprehensive survey of current knowledge. Updates the definitive reference of poultry health and disease Provides more clinically relevant information on management of specific diseases, contributed by clinical poultry veterinarians Offers information on disease control in organic and antibiotic-free production Presents more concise, streamlined chapters for ease of use Incorporates advances in the field, from new diagnostic tools and information to changes brought about by the increasing globalization and the re-emergence of zoonotic pathogens

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field
Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1999-05-13

Total Pages: 722

ISBN-13: 0309173183

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Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.