This book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.
Iordanskii (Semenov's Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia) collects the work of Russian and Latvian scientists working on the behavior of water in polymers with different hydrophilicity and morphology, covering academic aspects, experimental procedures and approaches, and practical applications. Some specific topics include modeling of anomal diffusion with fitter software, the molecular arrangement of water associated with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) in the first hydrate shell, moisture sorption and its effect on mechanical properties of polymer materials, and the properties and structure of polymeric composite materials obtained from wood hydrolyzed by the method of steam blasting. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
This research also interrogates the effect of pressure on diffusion. Test chambers were built to maintain a constant relative humidity of 80% at 60 & deg;C at three different pressures (0.101 MPa, 0.517 MPa and 1.034 MPa) including a liquid water immersion test chamber at 60°C. In this study it was observed that the time to saturation increased with increasing chamber pressure. This was primarily due to the increased maximum moisture content at higher pressures. Liquid immersion of the test samples provided the upper bound for maximum moisture content and a lower bound for time to saturation. The effects of material systems and layups on humidity measurements were also studied using two different polymer composite material systems, Cycom and Toray. Diffusivity results were identical for different layups whereas differences were observed for different material systems. Finally three-dimensional numeric models were developed, using ANSYS, to compare with the measured moisture content. Models incorporating the time-dependent and 3-D diffusion have shown an improved correlation with experiments.
The central objective of my doctoral research is to shed light on the impact of internal structure on moisture-triggered degradation mechanisms across various scales. In particular, my investigation centers on the kinetics of moisture-induced degradation in two distinct polymer composites: Fiber reinforced polymer composites and Flexible syntactic foam. The initial study involved the creation of computational models using a finite element framework to assess the kinetics of moisture diffusion in impermeable fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs). The introduction of the tortuosity factor served as a means of quantifying the degree of deviation in the pathway of moisture diffusion resulting from the presence of impermeable reinforcement. Subsequently, a correlation between tortuosity and moisture diffusivity was established, paving the way for future applications of composite design and optimization. The information acquired from the preliminary investigations is leveraged to gain insights into the thermal transport characteristics driven by the moisture diffusion pathway in traditional circular fibers, as well as other fiber cross-sectional shapes such as those of the bean, bi-lobular, and triangular varieties. Finally, The impact of extended moisture exposure on the viscoelastic, thermal transport, and dielectric properties of Flexible syntactic foam has been comprehensively elucidated. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing this material at multiple scales, facilitating the attainment of desired properties.
This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.
"Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have extensive applications due to their high specific strength, improved product performance, low maintenance and design flexibility. However, moisture absorbed by polymer composites during the service life plays a detrimental role in both the integrity and durability of composite structure. It is essential to understand the moisture diffusion behavior and induced damage in polymer matrix composites under varying hygrothermal conditions. In Part I, the moisture diffusion characteristics in hybrid composites using moisture concentration-dependent diffusion method have been investigated. Also, a multi-stage diffusion model was proposed to explain the deviation of moisture diffusion behavior for sandwich composites from classical Fick's law using a time-dependent diffusivity scheme. User-defined subroutines were developed to implement these methods into commercial finite element code. To validate the simulation results, an open-edge moisture diffusion experiment was conducted for sandwich composites composed of woven E-glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane (PU) face sheets and a closed-cell rigid PU foam core. In Part II, the behavior of moisture diffusion and its effects on the mechanical properties of carbon/bismaleimide composites exposed to seawater conditioning at elevated temperatures were investigated. The degradation of mechanical properties due to hygrothermal aging was assessed by conducting short beam shear test and flexural test at three immersion time points. In Part III, the effect of moisture on mechanical performance of PU sandwich composites was investigated. Mechanical property degradation due to moisture absorption was evaluated by conducting compression test of the foam core, flexural test of the laminates, and double cantilever beam Mode-I interfacial fracture test of sandwich composites"--Abstract, page iv.
Thanks to their low density and tailored properties, polymer matrix composites are attractive candidates for a large number of industrial applications ranging from aerospace to transportation and energy. However, the behaviour of polymer-based materials is strongly affected by a number of environmental factors. Environmental Degradation in Industrial Composites provides vital information on the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, liquid and gas exposure, electrical fields and radiations, and how micro- and micromechanical calculations during design and manufacture must take these effects into account. The book concludes with reviews on standard and specific testing methods for the various environmental factors and their combinations, helping mechanical/materials engineers and specifiers to predict possible changes due to environmental conditions. Each chapter is supplemented by industrial case studies to help in the understanding of degradation of composites in real life situations.This book will help you to...* Understand how environmental factors lead to degradation effects in polymer matrix composite structures* Build these factors into calculations when predicting the part performance and lifetime of structures* Compare real-life situations from case studies with your predicted results* Predict probable composite behaviour with greater accuracy This book will help you to...* Understand how environmental factors lead to degradation effects in polymer matrix composite structures* Build these factors into calculations when predicting the part performance and lifetime of structures* Compare real-life situations from case studies with your predicted results* Predict probable composite behaviour with greater accuracy
This book covers the topic of degradation phenomenon of natural fiber-based composites (NFC) under various aging conditions and proposes suitable solutions to improve the response of natural fiber-reinforced composite to aging conditions such as moisture, seawater, hygrothermal, and natural and accelerated weathering. The information provided by the book plays a vital role in the durability and shelf life of the composites as well as broadening the scope of outdoor application for natural fiber-based composites. The book will be appropriate for researchers and scientist who are interested in the application of natural fiber composites in various fields.
The purpose of this book, Industrial and Technological Applications of Transport in Porous Materials, is to provide a collection of recent contributions in the field of heat and mass transfer in porous media and their industrial and technological applications. The main benefit of the book is that it discusses some of the most important topics related to transport phenomenon in engineering and their future applications. It includes a set of new technological applications in the field of heat and mass transfer phenomena in a porous medium domain, such as, drying technology, filtration, infrared thermography, energy, recycling, etc. At the same time, these topics will be going to the encounter of a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, such as chemical, civil, agricultural, mechanical engineering, etc. The book is divided in several chapters that intend to be a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of professional colleagues.
New and not previously published U.S. and international research on composite and nanocomposite materialsFocus on health monitoring/diagnosis, multifunctionality, self-healing, crashworthiness, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME), and moreApplications to aircraft, armor, bridges, ships, and civil structures This fully searchable CD-ROM contains 270 original research papers on all phases of composite materials, presented by specialists from universities, NASA and private corporations such as Boeing. The document is divided into the following sections: Aviation Safety and Aircraft Structures; Armor and Protection; Multifunctional Composites; Effects of Defects; Out of Autoclave Processing; Sustainable Processing; Design and Manufacturing; Stability and Postbuckling; Crashworthiness; Impact and Dynamic Response; Natural, Biobased and Green; Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME); Structural Optimization; Uncertainty Quantification; NDE and SHM Monitoring; Progressive Damage Modeling; Molecular Modeling; Marine Composites; Simulation Tools; Interlaminar Properties; Civil Structures; Textiles. The CD-ROM displays figures and illustrations in articles in full color along with a title screen and main menu screen. Each user can link to all papers from the Table of Contents and Author Index and also link to papers and front matter by using the global bookmarks which allow navigation of the entire CD-ROM from every article. Search features on the CD-ROM can be by full text including all key words, article title, author name, and session title. The CD-ROM has Autorun feature for Windows 2000 or higher products and can also be used with Macintosh computers. The CD includes the program for Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search 11.0. One year of technical support is included with your purchase of this product.
