Four English Vocabularies to Spell
Four English Vocabularies to Spell

Author: Melvin J. Hoffman

Publisher: University Press of America

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13: 9780761827351

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Four English Vocabularies to Spell, written in a clear, conversational style, posits that the English language has four distinct yet interconnected systems for spelling. Author Melvin J. Hoffman proposes a new spelling pedagogy through identifying the major characteristics and separate spelling strategies of each of the four spelling systems.

French and English Cognates
French and English Cognates

Author: John C. Rigdon

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-04-09

Total Pages: 174

ISBN-13: 9781545255292

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There are many words that are very similar in English and French. Thanks to William the Conqueror (or as the French call him: Guillaume le Conquerant) and his invasion of England nearly a millennia ago, French and English share tens of thousands of similar words. Some are identical in spelling and meaning (e.g., impossible); some have the same meaning and slightly different spelling (e.g., adresse /address) and some have slightly different spelling and a partially different meaning (e.g., porc/pork). These words are known as cognates. It is estimated that 29% of the words in modern English are from French (source Wikipedia). But, it also works in the other direction: a lot of French terms come from English. Another 29% of the English words come from Latin including many scientific words. Many are TRUE friends, or almost: they have the same or similar meaning, and are written in the same way. This dictionary contains these "True Friends" or cognates. But beware, there are many words which look similar in French and English, but they're FALSE Friends, because they do not have the same meaning. Finally, know that if the spelling is similar, pronunciation is almost always totally different ! This book contains 8990 words which are true cognates in French and English. Many of the words are also annotated. It also contains a list of false cognates, words which look the same, but have entirely different meanings.

The American Way of Spelling
The American Way of Spelling

Author: Richard L. Venezky

Publisher: Guilford Press

Published: 1999-07-23

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 9781572304697

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Can ghoti really be pronounced fish? Why is "o" short in glove and love, but long in rove and cove? Why do English words carry such extra baggage as the silent "b" in doubt, the silent "k" in knee, and the silent "n" in autumn? And why do names like Phabulous Phoods and Hi-Ener-G stand out? Addressing these and many other questions about letters and the sounds they make, this engaging volume provides a comprehensive analysis of American English spelling and pronunciation. Venezky illuminates the fully functional system underlying what can at times be a bewildering array of exceptions, focusing on the basic units that serve to signal word form or pronunciation, where these units can occur within words, and how they relate to sound. Also examined are how our current spelling system has developed, efforts to reform it, and ways that spelling rules or patterns are violated in commercial usage. From one of the world's foremost orthographic authorities, the book affords new insight into the teaching of reading and the acquisition and processing of spelling sound relationships.

The French Influence on Middle English
The French Influence on Middle English

Author: Nadja Litschko

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2004-04-12

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 3638266974

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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2 (B), http://www.uni-jena.de/ (Anglistics/ American Studies), course: PS Introduction to Chaucer's Middle English, language: English, abstract: The English language has undergone tremendous changes over the years of its development from Old English to the Modern English as it is known today. During that time, especially during the Middle English period, several other languages exerted a significant influence and were therefore partly responsible for the changes brought to English over the years. These languages were Latin, French and Old Norse. This paper will focus on the influence of the French language on Middle English, brought on by the Norman Conquest through William the Conqueror. First there will be an explanation of the historical events, which preceded the developments in the England. Afterwards the focus of this paper will rest on the effect of the French language on the Middle English vocabulary, spelling and phonology. This will be explained on the example of an extract of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Nun's Priest Tale. During the course of this paper it will be proved that the French language was one of the main influences, which affected the English language during the Middle Ages.

A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
A Dictionary of Modern English Usage

Author: H. W. Fowler

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2010-10-14

Total Pages: 825

ISBN-13: 0191615110

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'What grammarians say should be has perhaps less influence on what shall be than even the more modest of them realize ...' No book had more influence on twentieth-century attitudes to the English language in Britain than Henry Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage. It rapidly became the standard work of reference for the correct use of English in terms of choice of words, grammar, and style. Much loved for his firm opinions, passion, and dry humour, Fowler has stood the test of time and is still considered the best arbiter of good practice. In this new edition of the original Dictionary, David Crystal goes beyond the popular mythology surrounding Fowler's reputation to retrace his method and arrive at a fresh evaluation of his place in the history of linguistic thought. With a wealth of entertaining examples he looks at Fowler's stated principles and the tensions between his prescriptive and descriptive temperaments. He shows that the Dictionary does a great more than make normative recommendations and express private opinion. In addition he offers a modern perspective on some 300 entries, in which he shows how English has changed since the 1920s. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.