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Author: Shanshan Yao
Publisher:
Published: 2019
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn the last decade low-permeability unconventional reservoirs (i.e., shale and tight formations) become an increasingly important source of oil and especially gas supply in the world. Low permeability reservoirs are characterized with small grain sizes (m), low permeability (
Author: Mark D. Zoback
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2019-05-16
Total Pages: 495
ISBN-13: 1107087074
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Author: Deepen Paresh Gala
Publisher:
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 470
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe integration of geomechanics with multi-phase, multi-component fluid flow in porous media has several applications in the upstream oil and gas industry. It can be applied for both near wellbore and reservoir scale problems in different reservoir types. The development of a 3D geomechanics and compositional flow model coupled with fracture growth capability is presented. The partial differential equations in the reservoir, fracture and well domain are solved in a coupled manner. The model is validated/verified for different physics such as fracture growth, stress around a fracture and well, phase behavior, multiphase flow, compressible flow and poroelasticity. The model is then applied to problems specific to low permeability shale and tight reservoirs, however, the model is very general and can be applied to any subsurface hydrocarbon or water reservoir. Propagation of multiple fractures using different fluids such as slickwater, gases and foams is studied using field scale examples. The impact of variables such as fluid compressibility, viscosity, wellbore volume, reservoir permeability, stress/tensile strength ratio, and poroelasticity on fracture geometry, breakdown and shut-in behavior is investigated in detail. Production from a well and the resulting stress changes are calculated in dry gas, gas condensates, black oil and volatile oil reservoirs. Permeability changes associated with an increase in effective stress on fractures and reservoir rock are shown to have a significant impact on decline rates. The impact of water evaporation and subsequent salt precipitation on productivity in shale gas reservoirs is evaluated. A sensitivity study is performed for variables such as capillary pressure, fracture spacing, reservoir permeability, initial brine saturation, reservoir temperature and well operating BHP. A method of fluid injection (water or gas) in depleted parent wells (known as pre-loading) to minimize damage due to frac-hits is studied. The stress and pressure changes due to fluid injection are shown to be dependent on injection fluid and reservoir fluid type, injection rates and the fracture geometry in parent wells. The compositional and geomechanical effects in a Huff-n-Puff gas injection IOR process in tight oil reservoirs are investigated. The additional recovery and increase in GOR after several Huff-n-Puff cycles is shown to be a function of reservoir and injected fluid composition and hysteresis in permeability as a function of effective stress.
Author: Behzad Ghanbarian
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2023-06-07
Total Pages: 388
ISBN-13: 1119729874
DOWNLOAD EBOOKUnderstanding and predicting fluid flow in hydrocarbon shale and other non-conventional reservoir rocks Oil and natural gas reservoirs found in shale and other tight and ultra-tight porous rocks have become increasingly important sources of energy in both North America and East Asia. As a result, extensive research in recent decades has focused on the mechanisms of fluid transfer within these reservoirs, which have complex pore networks at multiple scales. Continued research into these important energy sources requires detailed knowledge of the emerging theoretical and computational developments in this field. Following a multidisciplinary approach that combines research in engineering, geosciences and rock physics, Physics of Fluid Flow and Transport in Unconventional Reservoir Rocks provides both academic and industrial readers with a thorough grounding in this cutting-edge area of rock geology, combining an explanation of the underlying theories and models with practical applications in the field. Readers will also find: An introduction to the digital modeling of rocks Detailed treatment of digital rock physics, including decline curve analysis and non-Darcy flow Solutions for difficult-to-acquire measurements of key petrophysical characteristics such as shale wettability, effective permeability, stress sensitivity, and sweet spots Physics of Fluid Flow and Transport in Unconventional Reservoir Rocks is a fundamental resource for academic and industrial researchers in hydrocarbon exploration, fluid flow, and rock physics, as well as professionals in related fields.
Author: Ayon Kumar Das
Publisher:
Published: 2018
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGrowing demand for energy and unavailability of new viable energy resources have played a crucial role in the persistent exploitation of unconventional resources through multistage hydraulic fracturing. Currently, standard modelling approaches idealize a fractured media as an interplay of several homogeneous continuum of normal diffusive characteristics. However, evolved branch-fractures generate a space with extreme heterogeneity around primary fracture plane. The precise characterization of these branch-fractures is imperative for well performance analysis along with subdiffusive behaviour of unconventional matrices. This study presents two semi-analytical models that account for the branch-fracture permeability field and subdiffusion. The first model, Induced Branch-fracture Subdiffusive Flow model (SIBFF), accounts for exponential permeability field concept and subdiffusive transport behaviour of matrices. Compared to the earlier analytical models, the SIBFF model accounts for more comprehensive transport mechanisms and medium properties. The other model, Fractal Branch-fracture model, couples fractal porosity/permeability distribution of branch-fracture and subdiffusion to account for more detailed description of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and unfractured inner region. The wellbore pressure solution is derived by discretizing the reservoir into several flow regions and imposing both flux and pressure continuity at the interface between contiguous segments. The inclusion of permeability field and fractional flux law introduces important complexities to the mathematical model that are carefully resolved by implementing Bessel functions and Laplace transformation (LT). Finally, the solution is inverted to time domain using Gaver-Wynn-Rho (GWR) algorithm. This study also assessed the applicability of four numerical inversion methods and found GWR method more suitable and predictive. The sensitivity of important model parameters is presented. Results were verified analytically and validated against Niobrara and Eagleford field data. It is shown that the models could be implemented to quantify the efficiency of a stimulation job, to decide on the necessity of re-fracturing a formation and to analyze horizontal well performance with better predictive capability. The proposed models could further be employed to characterize different flow regimes for unconventional reservoirs.
Author: Knut-Andreas Lie
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2019-08-08
Total Pages: 677
ISBN-13: 1108492436
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPresents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Jianchao Cai
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2019-01-24
Total Pages: 354
ISBN-13: 0128172894
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPetrophysical Characterization and Fluids Transport in Unconventional Reservoirs presents a comprehensive look at these new methods and technologies for the petrophysical characterization of unconventional reservoirs, including recent theoretical advances and modeling on fluids transport in unconventional reservoirs. The book is a valuable tool for geoscientists and engineers working in academia and industry. Many novel technologies and approaches, including petrophysics, multi-scale modelling, rock reconstruction and upscaling approaches are discussed, along with the challenge of the development of unconventional reservoirs and the mechanism of multi-phase/multi-scale flow and transport in these structures. Includes both practical and theoretical research for the characterization of unconventional reservoirs Covers the basic approaches and mechanisms for enhanced recovery techniques in unconventional reservoirs Presents the latest research in the fluid transport processes in unconventional reservoirs
Author: Adam Szymkiewicz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-10-11
Total Pages: 254
ISBN-13: 364223559X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe book focuses on two issues related to mathematical and numerical modelling of flow in unsaturated porous media. In the first part numerical solution of the governing equations is discussed, with particular emphasis on the spatial discretization of highly nonlinear permeability coefficient. The second part deals with large scale flow in heterogeneous porous media of binary structure. Upscaled models are developed and it is shown that the presence of material heterogeneities may give rise to additional non-equilibrium terms in the governing equations or to hysteresis in the averaged constitutive relationships.
Author: Hui-Hai Liu
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-09-19
Total Pages: 230
ISBN-13: 9783319434483
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book presents a systematic attempt to generalize several fundamental physical laws related to subsurface fluid flow that are important for a number of contemporary applications in the areas of hydrogeology, reservoir engineering and rock mechanics. It also covers the history of discovering these physical laws, their respective scope of validity, and their generalizations or extensions. The physical laws discussed include Darcy’s law, Darcy-Buckingham law and Hooke’s law. Darcy’s law is the fundamental law for subsurface fluid flow. For low-permeability media, it is not always adequate because of the strong fluid–solid interaction. Though the Darcy-Buckingham law is often used for modeling subsurface multiphase flow, it is only valid under the local equilibrium condition. This condition does not hold in many cases, especially when fingering flow occurs. It is well known that subsurface fluid flow is coupled with mechanical deformation of subsurface media; in some applications, this coupling can play a dominant role. The continuum-scale elastic deformation of natural rock, however, does not always follow the traditional form of Hooke’s law. The book also presents applications of the proposed generalizations of the physical laws to several important engineering projects.
Author: Emad Walid Al Shalabi
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Published: 2017-06-14
Total Pages: 179
ISBN-13: 0128136057
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLow Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today’s more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors’ own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery. Teaches users how to understand the various mechanisms contributing to incremental oil recovery using low salinity and engineering water injection (LSWI/EWI) in sandstones and carbonates Balances guidance between designing laboratory experiments, to applying the LSWI/EWI techniques at both pilot-scale and full-field-scale for real-world operations Presents state-of-the-art approaches to simulation and modeling of LSWI/EWI
