Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes
Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes

Author: Angelo Basile

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-09-12

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 0128135468

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Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane Operations offers an overview of advanced technologies in the field of water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production that is coupled with renewable energy sources. Membrane processes are well-recognized technologies in the field of water and wastewater treatment. This book reviews their potential and lists new technologies which allow for the use of solar, hydroelectric, wind, hydrothermal and other forms of renewable energy with the same effect. In addition, it highlights what has already been achieved in the integration of membrane reactors and energy produced by biomass. Provides an overview of the interconnections between membrane technology and renewable energy sources Provides a comprehensive review of advanced research on membrane processes for water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production Relates the various processes to energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy Addresses key issues involved in the use of renewable energy in wastewater treatment

Optimization-based Design and Analysis of Concentrating Solar Power with Thermochemical Energy Storage
Optimization-based Design and Analysis of Concentrating Solar Power with Thermochemical Energy Storage

Author: Xinyue Peng

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) with thermal energy storage has the potential for grid-scale dispatchable power generation. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES), that is, the reversible conversion of solar-thermal energy to chemical energy, has high energy density and low heat loss over long periods. In this work, we develop optimization-based models for the design and analysis of CSP with different fluid-phase and solid-gas TCES systems. By proposing various TCES process strategies, evaluating their system performance, and identifying key areas of improvement, we hope that our study will help accelerate TCES development and solar power deployment. Specifically, we first develop a general process model for CSP plants employing fluid-phase TCES systems. We illustrate our model applicability by using ammonia and methane TCES systems. The analysis allows us to identify pressure vessels for aboveground gas storage as the main cost driver and compressor electricity consumption as the main energy driver. The overall energetic and economic performance can be significantly improved if cheap underground gas storage is available. We then propose an optimization-based framework for process synthesis under variability in two frequencies. We introduce scenarios and modes to represent low and high frequency variability respectively, and formulate the synthesis problem as a multimode two-stage stochastic programming model. The proposed approach is well suited to address the synthesis of renewable energy systems where the energy resource (e.g., solar, wind) often exhibits variability in two scales. Next, we develop an optimization model for the design and operation of CSP plants employing solid-gas TCES systems. Special emphasis is placed on the modeling of fixed-bed reactors that operate in a cyclic batch mode, which are modeled using partial differential equations in time and space. Finally, we provide a system-level analysis for CSP employing various solid-gas TCES strategies, that is, different combinations of chemical reactions and process configurations. Six process configurations are proposed and three types (carbonate, hydroxide, and redox) of reactions are studied. Results show that, six out of the nine strategies have the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs at the same time over two-tank molten salt storage. We also analyze the impacts of key reaction properties and process parameters on system performance.

Design of Solar Thermal Power Plants
Design of Solar Thermal Power Plants

Author: Zhifeng Wang

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-02-22

Total Pages: 490

ISBN-13: 0128162198

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Design of Solar Thermal Power Plants introduces the basic design methods of solar thermal power plants for technicians engaged in solar thermal power generation engineering. This book includes the author’s theoretical investigation and study findings in solar heat concentrators, a performance evaluation of solar thermal collectors, a numerical simulation of the heat transfer process between complex geometrics, heat transfer through radiation, and more. Containing theoretical descriptions of solar concentrators and receivers, practical engineering examples, and detailed descriptions of site selections for solar thermal power plants, this book has a strong theoretical and practical value for readers. Contains practical guidance and applications, making it more useful and user-friendly for CSP engineers Includes theoretical investigation in solar heat concentrators, performance evaluation of solar thermal collectors, and the numerical simulation of heat transfer between complex geometrics with practical applications

Handbook Of Solar Thermal Technologies: Concentrating Solar Power And Fuels (In 3 Volumes)
Handbook Of Solar Thermal Technologies: Concentrating Solar Power And Fuels (In 3 Volumes)

Author:

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2022-08-11

Total Pages: 1257

ISBN-13: 9811248613

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The three-volume handbook showcases the state of the art in the use of concentrated sunlight to produce electricity, industrial process heat, renewable fuels, including hydrogen and low-carbon synthesis gas, and valuable chemical commodities. The handbook illustrates the value and diversity of applications for concentrating solar power to contribute to the expanding decarbonization of multiple cross-cutting energy sectors.Volume 1: Concentrating Solar Thermal Power, provides an overview of key technologies, principles, and challenges of concentrating solar power (CSP) as well as the use of concentrating solar thermal for process heating and district markets. The ten chapters of this volume provide the reader with the technical background on the solar resource for concentrating solar thermal, the principles and design of concentrating optics, and descriptions of state-of-the-art and emerging solar collector and receiver technologies, thermal storage and thermal-to-electric conversion and power cycles for CSP. It also contains a comprehensive summary of operations and maintenance requirements for CSP plants, and commercial CSP plants and markets around the world.Volume 2, Solar Thermochemical Processes and Products, covers the use of concentrated solar radiation as the heat source to drive endothermic chemical reactions to produce renewable fuels and valuable chemical commodities, equivalently storing solar energy in chemical bonds. The thermodynamic underpinnings of a number of approaches to produce fuel and results of demonstrations of solar thermochemical reactors for these processes at prototype scale are presented. Processes presented include thermochemical metal oxide reduction/oxidation cycles to split water and carbon dioxide solar chemical looping reformation of methane to produce synthesis gas, high temperature electrochemistry, and gasification of biomass. Research on the thermochemical storage for CSP and high temperature production of cement and ammonia to illustrate the use concentrated solar energy to produce valuable chemical products are also included.Volume 3 contains reprinted archival papers to support and supplement the material in Volumes 1 and 2. These papers provide background information on the economics and alternative use cases of CSP not covered in Volume 1, and expand on the material related to the chapter topics presented in Volume 2. Potential commercialization, such as prototype and demonstration projects, are highlighted. The papers are intended as a starting point for a more in-depth study of the topics.

Modeling and Analysis of Latent Heat High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power Plants
Modeling and Analysis of Latent Heat High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 92

ISBN-13:

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Power tower concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are capable of producing extremely high temperatures, as they have the ability to oversize their solar field and achieve a greater concentration ratio. This theoretically allows power towers to use more efficient, higher temperature cycles including air Brayton and supercritical Rankine cycles, as well as experimental cycles such as the supercritical CO2 cycle. As part of this thesis, the heat demand of each cycle, as well as the cycle diagram is examined for its suitability for use with CSP plants with thermal energy storage (TES). This will help develop criteria to determine if these cycles could be coupled with a higher temperature storage system. After the general cycle overview, this thesis describes the development, validation, and results of a TES system targeted for use with an air Brayton power cycle. This research analyzes the use of metal alloys as phase change storage materials and makes a case for their use with CSP plants. The numerical model developed here is intended to analyze the performance of high temperature systems suitable for thermodynamic cycles that do not have a commercially available storage system. The storage system essentially combines a heat exchanger and storage system to help realize potential savings over molten salt two-tank storage systems currently employed by industry. FLUENT computational fluid dynamics software is used to model the storage tank. After initial modeling of a hypereutectic binary alloy system it was discovered that FLUENT does not properly account for an individual material phase diagram. So, the thermal properties were altered in FLUENT in order to accurately reflect the thermal performance of the primary storage material chosen for study, AlSi. The model was also analyzed with pure metals and eutectic binary alloys in an effort to achieve stable air temperatures that could support an air Brayton turbine. These included both cascaded and non-cascaded geometries as well as reversed and non-reversed flow. The results of the cascaded models show that the heat exchanger/thermal storage concept is able to buffer the air entering the turbine, and produces relatively stable outlet air temperatures. It was found that using a single, pure metal as the storage material produced the highest, most stable air temperatures of the systems studied. With further optimization and research, this system could become a viable storage option for CSP plants in support of higher temperature cycles.