Micro and Macro Mixing
Micro and Macro Mixing

Author: Henning Bockhorn

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-12-26

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 3642045499

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The homogenization of single phase gases or liquids with chemical reactive components by mixing belongs to one of the oldest basic operations applied in chemical engineering. The mixing process is used as an essential step in nearly all processes of the chemical industry as well as the pharmaceutical and food ind- tries. Recent experimentally and theoretically based results from research work lead to a fairly good prediction of the velocity fields in differend kinds of mixers, where as predictions of simultaneously proceeding homogeneous chemical re- tions, are still not reliable in a similar way. Therefore the design of equipment for mixing processes is still derived from measurements of the so called “mixing time” which is related to the applied methods of measurement and the special - sign of the test equipment itself. The cooperation of 17 research groups was stimulated by improved modern methods for experimental research and visualization, for simulations and nume- cal calculations of mixing and chemical reactions in micro and macro scale of time and local coordinates. The research work was financed for a six years period within the recently finished Priority Program of the German Research Foundation (DFG) named “Analysis, modeling and numerical prediction of flow-mixig with and without chemical reactions (SPP 1141)”. The objective of the investigations was to improve the prediction of efficiencies and selectivities of chemical re- tions on macroscopic scale.

Mixing V1
Mixing V1

Author: Vincent Uhl

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 0323154727

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Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume 1 focuses on the mechanisms and applications of mixing in turbulent flow. This book discusses the theoretical and empirical methods that provide a basis for predicting the process as well as the mechanical performance characteristics of equipment used in different types of mixing operations. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the mixing process, which tends to reduce gradients or nonuniformities in properties, composition, or temperature of materials in bulk. This text then explores the mixing operations that involve the transfer of a component to or from an equipment surface or boundary. Other chapters discuss the kinds of problems that occur in the design and use of mixing equipment, including the selection of size, type, and operating conditions. The final chapter deals with heat transfer where agitation is provided by mechanical devices. Development, design, and operating engineers will find this book extremely useful.

Pharmaceutical Calculations
Pharmaceutical Calculations

Author: Michalakis Savva

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-10-17

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 3030203352

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Pharmaceutical Calculations: A Conceptual Approach, is a book that combines conceptual and procedural understanding for students and will guide you to master prerequisite skills to carry out accurate compounding and dosage regimen calculations. It is a book that makes the connection between basic sciences and pharmacy. It describes the most important concepts in pharmaceutical sciences thoroughly, accurately and consistently through various commentaries and activities to make you a scientific thinker, and to help you succeed in college and licensure exams. Calculation of the error associated with a dose measurement can only be carried out after understanding the concept of accuracy versus precision in a measurement. Similarly, full appreciation of drug absorption and distribution to tissues can only come about after understanding the process of transmembrane passive diffusion. Early understanding of these concepts will allow reinforcement and deeper comprehension of other related concepts taught in other courses. More weight is placed on the qualitative understanding of fundamental concepts, like tonicity vs osmotic pressure, diffusion vs osmosis, crystalloids vs colloids, osmotic diuretics vs plasma expanders, rate of change vs rate constants, drug accumulation vs drug fluctuation, loading dose vs maintenance dose, body surface area (BSA) vs body weight (BW) as methods to adjust dosages, and much more, before considering other quantitative problems. In one more significant innovation, the origin and physical significance of all final forms of critical equations is always described in detail, thus, allowing recognition of the real application and limitations of an equation. Specific strategies are explained step-by-step in more than 100 practice examples taken from the fields of compounding pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and medicine.

The Kinematics of Mixing
The Kinematics of Mixing

Author: J. M. Ottino

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 9780521368780

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In spite of its universality, mixing is poorly understood and generally speaking, mixing problems are attacked on a case-by-case basis. This is the first book to present a unified treatment of the mixing of fluids from a kinematical viewpoint. The author's aim is to provide a conceptually clear basis from which to launch analysis and to facilitate an understanding of the numerous mixing problems encountered in nature and technology. After presenting the necessary background in kinematics and fluid dynamics, Professor Ottino considers various examples of dealing with necessary background in dynamical systems and chaos. The book assumes little previous knowledge of fluid dynamics and dynamical systems and can be used as a textbook by final-year undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, engineering science, geophysics and physics who have an interest in fluid dynamics, continuum mechanics and dynamical systems. It is profusely illustrated in colour, with many line diagrams and half-tones. Systems which illustrate the most important concepts, many exercises and examples are included.

Learning Theory
Learning Theory

Author: John Shawe-Taylor

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2004-06-11

Total Pages: 656

ISBN-13: 3540278192

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Learning Theory, COLT 2004, held in Banff, Canada in July 2004. The 46 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 113 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on economics and game theory, online learning, inductive inference, probabilistic models, Boolean function learning, empirical processes, MDL, generalisation, clustering and distributed learning, boosting, kernels and probabilities, kernels and kernel matrices, and open problems.

Advances in Industrial Mixing
Advances in Industrial Mixing

Author: Suzanne M. Kresta

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-10-21

Total Pages: 1032

ISBN-13: 1118944305

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Advances in Industrial Mixing is a companion volume and update to the Handbook of Industrial Mixing. The second volume fills in gaps for a number of industries that were not covered in the first edition. Significant changes in five of the fundamental areas are covered in entirely updated or new chapters. The original text is provided as a searchable pdf file on the accompanying USB. This book explains industrial mixers and mixing problems clearly and concisely. Gives practical insights by the top professionals in the field, combining industrial design standards with fundamental insight. Details applications in 14 key industries. Six of these are new since the first edition. Provides the professional with information he/she did not receive in school. Five completely rewritten chapters on mixing fundamentals where significant advances have happened since the first edition and seven concise update chapters which summarize critical technical information.