Mineralogical Variation of Wyoming Bentonites and Its Significance
Mineralogical Variation of Wyoming Bentonites and Its Significance

Author: Raymond Leroy Slovinsky

Publisher:

Published: 1958

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13:

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The term bentonite, if used in the correct mineralogical sense, refers to a clay composed essentially of the mineral montmorillonite and formed as the result of chemical alteration of volcanic ash in situ ... Two unique properties of bentonite, especially the Wyoming type bentonite with which this paper is concerned, are its ability to swell several times its original volume when placed in water and its ability to form thixotropic gels with water even when the ratio of clay to water is relatively small. These physical properties of bentonite are observed to vary considerably from one deposit to another and to vary considerably within a deposit. Since other minerals (viz. feldspar, biotite, quartz, pyroxenes, etc.) which commonly occur with the bentonite act only as diluents, it follows that observable variations in the physical properties of bentonite are due to variations in the mineral montmorillonite itself. The purpose of this study was to examine the clay mineral content of bentonites from three commercially important beds in the Black Hills Area in order to determine if possible: (1) what mineralogic variations exist (2) extent or degree of variations (3) possible effect of these variations upon the physical properties of the clay and (4) geologic significance of variations.

Pyroclastic Rocks
Pyroclastic Rocks

Author: Richard V. Fisher

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 485

ISBN-13: 3642748643

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Pyroclastic Rocks is the first modern comprehensive treatment of what they are and how they were formed. The subject is discussed against a background of plate tectonics theory and modern advances in volcanology, sedimentology and igneous petrology. The book provides a thorough discussion of magmatic volatiles and pyroclastic processes as well as magma-water interactions. Most of the book is concerned with the wide spectrum of pyroclastic rocks formed on land and under water and by fallout and various flowage mechanisms. Diagenetic processes by which pyroclastic particles are transformed into rocks are discussed in detail. The stratigraphic and tectonic importance of pyroclastic rocks are illustrated using selected case histories. This uniquely integrated account of pyroclastic processes, particles and rocks will prove a valuable aid in reconstructing dynamic aspects of earth evolution as well as predicting future volcanic hazards; understanding sedimentary basins containing petroleum and gas deposits; locating ore deposits in volcanic complexes and heat sources in geothermal prospecting; and facilitating stratigraphic analysis in complex volcanic terrains.

Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals
Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals

Author: G.E. Christidis

Publisher: The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Published: 2011-08-31

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 0903056283

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The advancement of human civilization has been intimately associated with the exploitation of raw materials. In fact the distinction of the main historical eras is based on the type of raw materials used. Hence, passage from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age is characterized by the introduction of basic metals mainly copper, zinc and tin in human activities; the Iron Age is marked by the use of iron as the predominant metal. The use of metals has increased and culminated with the industrial revolution in the mid-eighteenth century, which marked the onset of the industrial age in the western world. Since then the importance of metals has gradually been surpassed by industrial minerals in the industrialized countries. Industrial minerals are raw materials used by industry for their physical and/or chemical properties. Characterization of industrial minerals is important for their assessment and can be demanding and often complicated. This new volume, co-published by the European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland, is based on papers presented at an EMU-Erasmus IP School which was held in the Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece. The aim of the School was to describe advances in some of the analytical methods used to characterize industrial minerals and to propose additional methods which are currently not used for this purpose.

Clays: Controlling the Environment
Clays: Controlling the Environment

Author: GJ Churchman

Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING

Published: 1995-01-01

Total Pages: 877

ISBN-13: 0643105662

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Proceedings of the 10th International Clays Conference, Adelaide, Australia, July 18 to 23, 1993. Clays have provided us with the most active ingredients in soils, with building materials, with pottery and ceramics for both utility and decoration, and with coatings and fillers for paper, among other uses. The unique properties of these apparently everyday materials are being studied and used in an increasing range of industrial and environmental applications. Clays: Controlling the Environment provides a valuable compendium of the latest results from the complete range of clay-related scientific research. It includes coverage of the economic and environmental issues as well as directions for further research and development in many vital and expanding industries. All papers in these proceedings were subject to peer review. The topics discussed are: Clays in industry and the environment Surface and interlayer reactions Clay mineral structures and chemistry Methods of investigation Clays in geology Soil mineralogy The emphasis of this book reflects the vital role that clays play in controlling natural, polluted and technological environments.

Bibliography of North American Geology
Bibliography of North American Geology

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 1300

ISBN-13:

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1919/28 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1919/20-1935/36 issues and also material not published separately for 1927/28. 1929/39 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1929/30-1935/36 issues and also material for 1937-39 not published separately.