The use of microwaves has gradually democratized itself in several scientific areas and is now a common methodology in domains as different as chemistry, protein digestion, mining, and metallurgy. Materials chemistry is one field where microwave irradiation technologies are being studied. In recent years, development of nanotechnologies has increas
This book targets new trends in microwave engineering by downscaling components and devices for industrial purposes such as miniaturization and function densification, in association with the new approach of activation by a confined optical remote control. It covers the fundamental groundwork of the structure, property, characterization methods and applications of 1D and 2D nanostructures, along with providing the necessary knowledge on atomic structure, how it relates to the material band-structure and how this in turn leads to the amazing properties of these structures. It thus provides new graduates, PhD students and post-doctorates with a resource equipping them with the knowledge to undertake their research.
For the first time, this comprehensive handbook presents the emerging field of microwave technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Divided into three parts--fundamentals, methods, and applications--it covers topics including microwave theory, scale-up, microwave plasma synthesis, characterization, and more. This offers both an important volume for academic researchers, and a resource for those in industry exploring the applications of nanoparticles in semiconductors, electronics, catalysis, sensors, and more.
This book covers a wide range of topics that address the main areas of interest to scientists, engineers, and students concerned with the synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials. Development techniques, properties, and examples of industrial applications are all widely represented as they apply to various nanostructured materials including nanocomposites and multilayered nanometric coatings. The book also illustrates a wide range of powerful methods of nanomaterial/nanostructure synthesis such as microwave-assisted methods, pulsed electrodeposition, ion beams, or glancing angle deposition. Techniques for the encapsulation and functionalization of nanoparticles, as well as the adhesion and mechanical characterization of nanostructured thin films, are also described and discussed. It is to be recommended to anyone working in the field of nanomaterials, especially in connection with the functionalization and engineering of surfaces.
The principal aim of this book is to introduce chemists through a tutorial approach to the use of microwaves by examining several experiments of microwave chemistry and materials processing. It will subsequently enable chemists to fashion their own experiments in microwave chemistry or materials processing. Microwave heating has become a popular methodology in introducing thermal energy in chemical reactions and material processing in laboratory-scale experiments. Several research cases where microwave heating has been used in a wide range of fields have been reported, including organic synthesis, polymers, nanomaterials, biomaterials, and ceramic sintering, among others. In most cases, microwave equipment is used as a simple heat source. Therefore the principal benefits of microwave radiation have seldom been taken advantage of. One reason is the necessity to understand the nature of electromagnetism, microwave engineering, and thermodynamics. However, it is difficult for a chemist to appreciate these in a short time, so they act as barriers for the chemist who might take an interest in the use of microwave radiation. This book helps to overcome these barriers by using figures and diagrams instead of equations as much as possible.
Sustainable Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation provides a single-source solution to researchers working in environmental, wastewater management, biological and composite nanomaterials applications. It addresses the potential environmental risks and uncertainties surrounding the use of nanomaterials for environmental remediation, giving an understanding of their impact on ecological receptors in addition to their potential benefits. Users will find comprehensive information on the application of state-of-the-art processes currently available to synthesize advanced green nanocomposite materials and biogenic nanomaterials. Other sections explore a wide range of promising approaches for green nanotechnologies and nanocomposites preparations. Case study chapters connect materials engineering and technology to the social context for a sustainable environment. Applications and different case studies provide solutions to the challenges faced by industry, thus minimizing negative social impacts. Provides information on the use of biologically mediated synthetic protocols to generate nanomaterials Discusses a wide range of promising?approaches?for?green nanotechnologies and nanocomposites preparations Presents novel fabrication techniques for bionanocomposites, paving the way for the development of a new generation of advanced materials that can cope with spatiotemporal multi-variant environments
Featuring numerous examples linking theoretical concepts with real-world applications, this practical, cross-disciplinary guide will help you understand the fundamentals of radio frequency measurement of nanoscale devices. -- Résumé abrégé du livre.
Microwaves in Organic Synthesis provides an in-depth overview in the area of organic and pharmaceutical chemistry of the microwave technology in separation, purification and extraction of medicinal, biological, and organic compounds.This book methodically explores the application of microwaves in all types of organic synthesis. It includes stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, oxidation, reduction, protection, deprotection, addition, condensation, coupling, C-X bond formation, named reactions, heterocyclic, biological drugs, fluoro-organics and polymers. After a brief introduction discusses the main parameters which influence the process, and the limitations and advantages of the practical use of microwave in organic synthesis. This book is a vital resource on green chemistry technologies for students and academic researchers, R& D professionals, students and university professors working in the field of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and chemical engineering. Outlines microwave technology for green organic synthesis Includes a description of the significant factors and challenges of the microwave-assisted green organic synthesis Outlines the eco-friendly microwave based chemical processes and their applications in organic reactions, polymer synthesis, biofuel production, etc. Gives detail account of the numerous real industrial applications such as polymers, pharmaceutical, fluoroorganics, biofuel, carbon, etc. Discusses recent advances in microwave technology in organic chemistry
This dissertation investigates how to design and fabricate low cost, lightweight, and re- congurable RF and microwave electronics using additive manufacturing and nanomagnetic materials. A key goal is to provide a specic methodology on obtaining high performance RF electronics by taking advantage of the expanded design freedom, economic fabrication process oered by the additive manufacturing technology, as well as the unique microwave properties of the magnetic nanomaterials. A number of commonly used RF and microwave electronics are designed, fabricated, and measured to demonstrate that we have successfully achieved such goal. The performance tradeos of the above two approaches during experi- mental implementation are also discussed for each specic circuit and component category, depending on the corresponding desired performance. This in turn provides us with practi- cal and important comments regarding the limitations of our approaches. Therefore, we can obtain an insightful guideline for achieving our key goal in terms of both design potentials and implementation capabilities. The rst chapter addresses the current trend of smaller, smarter, and cheaper electronics which motivates our work in this dissertation. The second chapter provides the background on additive manufacturing technology and magnetic mate- rials that were utilized as two separate approaches to achieve high performance and low cost RF and microwave applications prior to this work. Based on such context, we are motivated to propose a new thrust which pushes the boundaries beyond the current development of both approaches and explores the new realm of combining them together. The third chapter introduces several types of additive manufacturing techniques, and presents a number of lightweight, recongurable, and high performance RF components that are developed using one or two techniques and in a combined manner. Manufacturing factors that negatively aects the RF performance are analyzed and discussed with the corresponding technique to alleviate such issue. In chapter four, we study the fundamental properties of the mag- netic materials and explore the potential of using the magnetic nanomaterials fabricated by novel chemical methods in microwave applications operating at frequencies higher than a traditional range. The magnetic nanoparticle thin lms were fabricated using various com- posites and were characterized for high frequency RF applications. Chapter ve expands our work by combining the additive manufacturing technology, magnetic nanoparticle lms, and liquid crystal polymer substrate to develop low cost, miniaturized, and recongurable RF components with compact and lightweight packages. The fabrication process is optimized by considering the practical limitations from chapter two, and enhanced RF performances are obtained in several applications. However, tradeos due to the magnetic materials are also observed, which are then theoretically analyzed and veried by the measurement re- sults. Our work has successfully demonstrated how the RF and microwave components and circuits can be made as low cost, compact, and lightweight with enhanced performance using additive manufacturing and magnetic nanomaterials. Future work will continue by explor- ing new design capabilities and optimizing the fabrication process to further improve the performance while reducing the overall fabrication cost.
This book examines a wide range of emerging sources of water pollution. It consists of thirteen chapters dedicated to the topic, giving readers comprehensive information about the types of contaminants involved and the solutions for their removal. The first five chapters present an analysis of the emerging water pollutants, their toxicities, and the legislations available to monitor and regulate their emissions. This introduction is followed by 3 chapters that cover risk assessment of emerging pollutants, their fate and life cycle assessment. The last section of the book goes through the details of remediation technologies for wastewater treatment. This reference is equally suitable for academia, industry professionals and students, presenting state-of-the-art learnings on emerging water pollutants and their remediation methods.
