Methyl Methacrylate from Isobutylene - Cost Analysis - MMA E31A

Methyl Methacrylate from Isobutylene - Cost Analysis - MMA E31A

Author: Intratec

Publisher: Intratec Solutions

Published: 2019-09-17

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13:

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This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) production from isobutylene using an oxidation process. The process examined is similar to Sumitomo/Nippon Shokubai process. In this process, methacrylic acid (MAA) intermediate is initially produced by two-stage catalytic oxidation of isobutene. Then, MAA is esterified with methanol to produce MMA. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) EP Patent 1052017, issued to Nippon Shokubai in 2012 (2) "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Isobutene, Methylpropene, Esterification, Two-Stage Oxidation, Japan Methacryl Monomer, JMM


Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate from Coal-derived Syngas

Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate from Coal-derived Syngas

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 31

ISBN-13:

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Research Triangle Institute (RTI), Eastman Chemical Company, and Bechtel collectively are developing a novel process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from coal-derived syngas that consists of three steps of synthesis of a propionate, its condensation with formaldehyde, and esterification of resulting methacrylic acid (MAA) with methanol to produce MMA. Over the last quarter, Eastman developed two new processes which have resulted in two new invention reports. One process deals with carbonylation of benzyl ether which represents a model for coal liquefaction and the second focuses on the acceleration of carbonylation rates for propionic acid synthesis, via use of polar aprotic solvents. These two inventions are major improvements in the novel Mo-catalyzed homogeneous process for propionic acid synthesis technology, developed by Eastman. Over the last quarter, RTI completed three reaction cycles and two regeneration cycles as a part of long-term reaction regeneration cycle study on a 10% Nb2O5/Si02 catalyst, for vapor phase condensation reaction of formaldehyde with propionic acid.


Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate From Coal-Derived Syngas

Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate From Coal-Derived Syngas

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Research Triangle Institute (RTI), Eastman Chemical Company, and Bechtel collectively are developing a novel three-step process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from coal-derived syngas that consists of the steps of synthesis of a propionate, its condensation with formaldehyde to form methacrylic acid (MAA), and esterification of MAA with methanol to produce MMA. RTI has completed the research on the three-step methanol-based route to MMA. Under an extension to the original contract, RTI is currently evaluating a new DME-based process for MMA. The key research need for DME route is to develop catalysts for DME partial oxidation reactions and DME condensation reactions. Over the last quarter(April-June, 1998), RTI has modified the reactor system including a new preheater and new temperature settings for the preheater. Continuous condensation of formaldehyde with propionic acid were carried out over 10% Nb O /SiO at 300°C without 2 5 2 interruption. Five activity and four regeneration cycles have been completed without plugging or material balance problems. The results show that 10% Nb O /SiO deactivates slowly with time 2 5 2 but can be regenerated, at least four times, to 100% of its original activity with 2% O in nitrogen 2 at 400°C. The cycles continue with consistent 90-95% of carbon balance. The reaction is scheduled to complete with 6 activity cycles and 5 regenerations. Used catalysts will be analyzed with TGA and XPS to determine bulk and surface coke content and coke properties. RTI will start the investigation of effects of propionic acid/formaldehyde ratio on reaction activity and product selectivity over 20% Nb O /SiO catalysts.


Imaging of Arthritis and Metabolic Bone Disease E-Book

Imaging of Arthritis and Metabolic Bone Disease E-Book

Author: Barbara N. W. Weissman

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2009-05-09

Total Pages: 770

ISBN-13: 0323074685

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Get state-of-the-art coverage of the full range of imaging techniques available to assist in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of rheumatic diseases. Written by acknowledged experts in musculoskeletal imaging, this richly illustrated, full-color text presents the latest diagnostic and disease monitoring modalities - MRI, CT, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, DXA — as well as interventional procedures. You'll find comprehensive coverage of specific rheumatic conditions, including osteoarticular and extraarticular findings. This superb new publication puts you at the forefront of imaging in arthritis and metabolic bone disease — a must have reference for the clinician and imaging specialist. Includes all imaging modalities relevant to rheumatic disease, and applications and contraindications of each, for balanced coverage. Incorporates a user-friendly, consistent full-color format for quick and easy reference. Provides osteoarticular and extra-articular features and findings to show how imaging benefits diagnosis and management of complex rheumatologic conditions. Creates a one-stop shop with comprehensive coverage of imaging for all rheumatic conditions, including metabolic conditions and pediatric disorders. Presents interventional techniques—injections, arthrography, radiofrequency ablation—to create the perfect diagnostic and interventional clinical tool.


Anesthesia Secrets

Anesthesia Secrets

Author: James Duke

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2011-01-01

Total Pages: 593

ISBN-13: 0323065244

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Get quick answers to the most important clinical questions with Duke's Anesthesia Secrets, 5th Edition! Authors James Duke, MD and Brian M. Keech, MD present this easy-to-read, bestselling resource that uses the popular and trusted Secrets Series® Q&A format. It provides rapid access to the practical, "in-the-trenches" know-how you need to succeed - both in practice and on board and recertification exams. Zero in on key information with bulleted lists, tables, mnemonics, illustrations, practical tips from the authors, and "Key Points" boxes that provide a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Review essential material efficiently with the "Top 100 Secrets in Anesthesiology" - perfect for last-minute study or self-assessment. Get the evidence-based guidance you need to provide optimal care for your patients - ideal for medical students, residents, fellows, and practitioners. Apply all the latest advances in techniques, technology, and pharmacology, and explore effective solutions to a full range of clinical issues in anesthesiology. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and tables from the book on a variety of devices.


Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E-Book

Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E-Book

Author: Kim S Suvarna

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2012-10-01

Total Pages: 655

ISBN-13: 0702050326

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This is a brand new edition of the leading reference work on histological techniques. It is an essential and invaluable resource suited to all those involved with histological preparations and applications, from the student to the highly experienced laboratory professional. This is a one stop reference book that the trainee histotechnologist can purchase at the beginning of his career and which will remain valuable to him as he increasingly gains experience in daily practice. Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of the standard reference work in histotechnology that successfully integrates both theory and practice.Provides a single comprehensive resource on the tried and tested investigative techniques as well as coverage of the latest technical developments. Over 30 international expert contributors all of whom are involved in teaching, research and practice.Provides authoritative guidance on principles and practice of fixation and staining. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and boxes.Information is well set out and easy to retrieve. Six useful appendices included (SI units, solution preparation, specimen mounting, solubility). Provides practical information on measurements, preparation solutions that are used in daily laboratory practice. Color photomicrographs used extensively throughout. Better replicates the actual appearance of the specimen under the microscope. Brand new co-editors. New material on immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic techniques.Enables user to keep abreast of latest advances in the field.


Brinker, Piermattei and Flo's Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair - E-Book

Brinker, Piermattei and Flo's Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair - E-Book

Author: Charles E. DeCamp

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2015-12-02

Total Pages: 880

ISBN-13: 0323242790

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Stay ahead of the rising demand for orthopedic surgery in veterinary practice with the most trusted handbook for small animal orthopedics. Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair, 5th Edition is the expert reference you need to successfully understand, diagnose, and treat the wide variety of conditions affecting the locomotor system in small animals. As with previous editions, this comprehensive handbook offers readers a clear and consistent description of the most common orthopedic conditions along with the pathology, diagnostic work-up, surgical indications and planning, surgical approach, surgical techniques, complications, and follow-up recommendations that accompany them. This new edition also includes the latest information on fractures, musculoskeletal diseases, and the advances in methods of fixation, lameness correction, and joint surgery. Not only will readers gain access to routinely used orthopedic treatments — such as plating, wiring, and pinning techniques — this handbook also discusses the more complex modalities — like minimally invasive surgery, and angle stable fixation systems with the newest information on interlocking nail and locking plate technologies. With this unrivaled reference, you’ll have the expert guidance you need to successfully diagnose and treat nearly any musculoskeletal case you may encounter in daily practice. Clear, concise coverage covers the pathology, diagnostic work-up, surgical indications and planning, surgical approach, surgical techniques, complications, and follow-up recommendations for the most common orthopedic conditions. Step-by-step line drawings clearly illustrate different types of fractures and demonstrate the surgical procedures used to affect repairs – detail that can’t be conveyed in clinical photographs. Anatomical organization provides quick access to information on both fractures and other conditions for each region of the body. NEW! Advances in joint surgeries, specifically the knee, shoulder, and elbow, keep practitioners abreast of the latest technology and best practices. NEW! Coverage of minimally invasive surgery has been added to the many chapters. NEW! Advances in imaging (MRI, CT, and radiographs) are included to keep practitioners up to date on the latest technology. Updates on new fixation technologies include angle stable interlocking nails and locking plate fracture fixation systems. Updates on common surgeries include triple pelvic osteotomy and total hip replacement NEW! High-definition clinical photographs have been added to give readers a closer view of various fractures and repair techniques.


Methyl Methacrylate from t-Butanol - Cost Analysis - MMA E21A

Methyl Methacrylate from t-Butanol - Cost Analysis - MMA E21A

Author: Intratec

Publisher: Intratec

Published: 2019-09-17

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13:

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This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) production from t-butanol and methanol. The process examined is carried out in three steps: oxidation of t-butanol to metacrolein; metacrolein oxidation to methacrylic acid; and esterification of methacrylic acid with methanol to generate the methyl methacrylate product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Tertiary Butyl Alcohol, Tertiary Butanol, Mitsubishi, Nippon Shokubai