This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl Acrylate production from acrylic acid and methanol The process examined is a typical esterification process. In this process, acrylic acid and methanol are esterified in a fixed-bed reactor producing Methyl Acrylate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Methyl Alcohol, Lower Alkyl Acrylate, Methyl Prop-2-Enoate
This report presents a cost analysis of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Precursor production. In this process, acrylonitrile is polymerized with methyl acrylate comonomer via aqueous dispersion polymerization and the polymer formed is subsequently converted to fiber through wet spinning. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Acrylic Fibers," Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (2) Morgan, P., Carbon Fibers and Their Composites, 2005 Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile, Carbon Fiber, Acrylic Fiber, Suspension Polymerization, Acrylonitrile, Wet Spinning
This report presents a cost analysis of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene. The process examined is a typical high-pressure tubular polymerization process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6899852, issued to ExxonMobil in 2005 (2) US Patent 20130333832, issued to LyondellBasell in 2013 Keywords: Ethene, PE, BASF, Tubular Reactor, ExxonMobil, LyondellBasell, Lupotech
This report presents a cost analysis of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HP) production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. A 60 wt% 3-HP solution in water is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7186856, issued to Cargill in 2007 (2) US Patent 8883464, issued to Opx Biotechnologies in 2014 (3) US Patent 20160031792, issued to Cargill in 2016 Keywords: Dextrose, Aerobic Fermentation, Salt-Splitting, Acrylic Acid, Tridecylamine
This report presents a cost analysis of Acrylonitrile production from chemical grade (CG) propylene The process examined is a fluidized bed propylene ammoxidation process. In this process, propylene and ammonia react to produce Acrylonitrile. Acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Acrylonitrile", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Propene, Propenenitrile, INEOS, Sohio, Fluidized Bed Reactor
This report presents a cost analysis of n-Butyl Acrylate production from ester grade acrylic acid and n-butanol The process examined is a typical esterification process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Acrylic Acid and Derivatives", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition (2) US Patent 6320070, issued to BASF in 2001 Keywords: Esterification, Nippon Shokubai, Mitsubishi, BASF
This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl Acrylate production from acrylic acid and ethanol. The process examined is a typical esterification process. In this process, acrylic acid and ethanol are esterified in a fixed-bed reactor producing Ethyl Acrylate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Lower Alkyl Acrylate, Ethyl Propenoate
Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. - The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications - Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction - Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more
Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids is a comprehensive manual that provides end users with information about oil field chemicals, such as drilling muds, corrosion and scale inhibitors, gelling agents and bacterial control. This book is an extension and update of Oil Field Chemicals published in 2003, and it presents a compilation of materials from literature and patents, arranged according to applications and the way a typical job is practiced. The text is composed of 23 chapters that cover oil field chemicals arranged according to their use. Each chapter follows a uniform template, starting with a brief overview of the chemical followed by reviews, monomers, polymerization, and fabrication. The different aspects of application, including safety and environmental impacts, for each chemical are also discussed throughout the chapters. The text also includes handy indices for trade names, acronyms and chemicals. Petroleum, production, drilling, completion, and operations engineers and managers will find this book invaluable for project management and production. Non-experts and students in petroleum engineering will also find this reference useful. - Chemicals are ordered by use including drilling muds, corrosion inhibitors, and bacteria control - Includes cutting edge chemicals and polymers such as water soluble polymers and viscosity control - Handy index of chemical substances as well as a general chemical index
