Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species: Volume 1: Background, Overview, Issues, and Recommendations

Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species: Volume 1: Background, Overview, Issues, and Recommendations

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

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Smokes. obscurants. and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military installations.


Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 2: Methods for Assessing Ecological Risks

Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 2: Methods for Assessing Ecological Risks

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may adversely affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military reservations. To evaluate if smokes and obscurants present a hazard to T & E species, the appropriate data must be collected. These data must be adequate to evaluate both direct ecological effects (effects to T & E species that result from direct exposure to smokes or smoke residues) and indirect ecological effects (effects on T & E species that result from effects of smokes on habitats of T & E species or on species upon which T & E species depend). This report presents an approach for the selection of methods suitable to evaluate the ecological risks that smokes and obscurants present to T & E species, summarizes available sampling, survey, and toxicity testing methods, and outlines an approach for estimating risks based on weighing multiple lines of evidence. Volume 1 of this series will be an overview of the entire study and will include information on applicable regulations. Volume 3 will discuss strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes and obscurants. Volume 4 will discuss appropriate chemical analysis methods.


Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 3. Statistical Methods

Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 3. Statistical Methods

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military installations. This report discusses strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents on plant and animal species, including T & E species, and their ecosystems. It provides a general overview of sampling designs and statistical analysis procedures and lays a basic foundation for understanding: (1) principles of experimental design and statistical analysis procedures; (2) strengths and weaknesses of each design and analytical procedure; and (3) ecological and statistical rationale for selection of particular designs. Volume 1 of this report series will he an overview of methods examined in the series, their application, and applicable regulations. Volume 2 (CERL TR 97/140, September 1997) reviews methods for assessing ecological risks. Volume 4 (CERL TR 99/56, July 1999) discusses chemical analytical methods.


A Practical Guide to Understanding, Managing, and Reviewing Environmental Risk Assessment Reports

A Practical Guide to Understanding, Managing, and Reviewing Environmental Risk Assessment Reports

Author: Sally L. Benjamin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2001-02-21

Total Pages: 475

ISBN-13: 1000687554

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A Practical Guide to Understanding, Managing and Reviewing Environmental Risk Assessment Reports provides team leaders and team members with a strategy for developing the elements of risk assessment into a readable and beneficial report. The authors believe that successful management of the risk assessment team is a key factor is quality repor


Ecological Risk Assessment

Ecological Risk Assessment

Author: Glenn W. Suter II

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1992-10-23

Total Pages: 564

ISBN-13: 9780873718752

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Recently, environmental scientists have been required to perform a new type of assessment-ecological risk assessment. This is the first book that explains how to perform ecological risk assessments and gives assessors access to the full range of useful data, models, and conceptual approaches they need to perform an accurate assessment. It explains how ecological risk assessment relates to more familiar types of assessments. It also shows how to organize and conduct an ecological risk assessment, including defining the source, selecting endpoints, describing the relevant features of the receiving environment, estimating exposure, estimating effects, characterizing the risks, and interacting with the risk manager. Specific technical topics include finding and selecting toxicity data; statistical and mathematical models of effects on organisms, populations, and ecosystems; estimation of chemical fate parameters; modeling of chemical transport and fate; estimation of chemical uptake by organisms; and estimation, propagation, and presentation of uncertainty. Ecological Risk Assessment also covers conventional risk assessments, risk assessments for existing contamination, large scale problems, exotic organisms, and risk assessments based on environmental monitoring. Environmental assessors at regulatory agencies, consulting firms, industry, and government labs need this book for its approaches and methods for ecological risk assessment. Professors in ecology and other environmental sciences will find the book's practical preparation useful for classroom instruction. Environmental toxicologists and chemists will appreciate the discussion of the utility for risk assessment of particular toxicity tests and chemical determinations.


Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1999-09-24

Total Pages: 107

ISBN-13: 0309184290

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A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.