Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences

Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences

Author: Denise Pumain

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-02-09

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 1402041276

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.


Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change

Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change

Author: David Lane

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-02-13

Total Pages: 492

ISBN-13: 1402096631

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Innovation is nowadays a question of life and death for many of the economies of the western world. Yet, due to our generally reductionist scientific paradigm, invention and innovation are rarely studied scientifically. Most work prefers to study its context and its consequences. As a result, we are as a society, lacking the scientific tools to understand, improve or otherwise impact on the processes of invention and innovation. This book delves deeply into that topic, taking the position that the complex systems approach, with its emphasis on ‘emergence’, is better suited than our traditional approach to the phenomenon. In a collection of very coherent papers, which are the result of an EU-funded four year international research team’s effort, it addresses various aspect of the topic from different disciplinary angles. One of the main emphases is the need, in the social sciences, to move away from neo-darwinist ‘population thinking’ to ‘organization thinking’ if we want to understand social evolution. Another main emphasis is on developing a generative approach to invention and innovation, looking in detail at the contexts within which invention and innovation occur, and how these contexts impact on the chances for success or failure. Throughout, the book is infused with interesting new insights, but also presents several well-elaborated case studies that connect the ideas with a substantive body of ‘real world’ information.


Galen and the World of Knowledge

Galen and the World of Knowledge

Author: Christopher Gill

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-12-10

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 0521767512

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This study places Galen more firmly in the intellectual life of his period of the second century AD.


Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences

Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences

Author: Federica Russo

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-09-18

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 1402088175

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science.


God's Path to Mental Health

God's Path to Mental Health

Author: Rick Renner

Publisher: Destiny Image Publishers

Published: 2022-08-16

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 1667500058

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Take Back Your Life and Walk Peacefully and Free Is your mind a playground for the devil? Are you harassed and held hostage by thoughts, fears, anxiety, and depression that won't let up? You're not alone. The number of people suffering from mental torment is staggering because the devil is a master at mind games. But God has already beat him at his game and offers you power to overcome! In God’s Path to Mental Health, four Harrison House authors—Rick Renner, Eddie Turner, Kylie Oaks Gatewood, and Germaine Copeland—team up to deliver scriptural and supernatural help such as: How you can win on the mind battlefield What to do when the devil "trash talks" you Dressing yourself in impenetrable armor Wielding your supernatural weaponry Scriptures that shut up the devil These four authors have each been through the trenches when it comes to obsessive thoughts and depression, and they’ve practiced what they preach to defeat mental torment and find God’s pathway to mental health. Now it’s your turn! Let them help you take back your life and walk peacefully and free!


Probability and Social Science

Probability and Social Science

Author: Daniel Courgeau

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-02-22

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 9400728794

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This work examines in depth the methodological relationships that probability and statistics have maintained with the social sciences from their emergence. It covers both the history of thought and current methods. First it examines in detail the history of the different paradigms and axioms for probability, from their emergence in the seventeenth century up to the most recent developments of the three major concepts: objective, subjective and logicist probability. It shows the statistical inference they permit, different applications to social sciences and the main problems they encounter. On the other side, from social sciences—particularly population sciences—to probability, it shows the different uses they made of probabilistic concepts during their history, from the seventeenth century, according to their paradigms: cross-sectional, longitudinal, hierarchical, contextual and multilevel approaches. While the ties may have seemed loose at times, they have more often been very close: some advances in probability were driven by the search for answers to questions raised by the social sciences; conversely, the latter have made progress thanks to advances in probability. This dual approach sheds new light on the historical development of the social sciences and probability, and on the enduring relevance of their links. It permits also to solve a number of methodological problems encountered all along their history.


You Can Get Over It

You Can Get Over It

Author: Rick Renner

Publisher: Destiny Image Publishers

Published: 2012-11-15

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 1606837672

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

No Harbored Offense Is Worth Sabotaging Your Future There's no doubt that at some point in your life, someone has wronged you. You may even be in a painful situation right now. But you don’t have to let anyone’s actions against you pollute your attitude toward God and prevent His good plan for your future. What matters now is that you stop unforgiveness and bitterness before they began producing their deadly fruit in your life. If someone has committed an offense against you, God will deal with that person. But right now, He wants to help you so that this pain and trouble doesn’t immobilize you any longer. Chapter titles include: Jesus Understands Your Emotions, Frustrations, and Temptations The Friend Who Became Jesus’ Betrayer Uproot Every 'Root of Bitterness’ Ten Practical Suggestions To Keep Your Heart Free of Bitterness and Strife In this book, Rick Renner helps you find your way out of the emotional prison that has tried to hold you captive. Let God speak to you through these pages so that you can walk free into the future He has planned for your life. No matter what the offense, He has truly made a way for you to get over it!


Aristotle on Inquiry

Aristotle on Inquiry

Author: James G. Lennox

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-05-20

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0521193974

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Argues that, for Aristotle, scientific inquiry is governed both by a domain-neutral erotetic framework and by domain-specific norms.