METAL-TO-CERAMIC SEAL TECHNOLOGY STUDY.
METAL-TO-CERAMIC SEAL TECHNOLOGY STUDY.

Author: S. S COLE (JR.)

Publisher:

Published: 1960

Total Pages: 127

ISBN-13:

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A literature survey on ceramic-to-metal sealing techniques, adherence theory, and allied systems disclosed limited published work and no procedures for achieving ultra-high-strength seals or seals to pure high alumina. Two additional theories were formulated for this study--one proposing the migration of the glass in the ceramic (over) into the metallizing mixture, and the other recognizing the need for promoting metallized sintering. Three sintering temperatures were chosen, depending on composition, for each of the 200 metallizing mixtures. Each mixture was applied to specimens of 94-, 96-, and 99.6-percent alumina. Testing involved a screening technique whereby the most promising compositions were carried through to increasingly refined test techniques (scratch and peel, circumferential seal, and finally tensiles tests). The tensile test specimen was redesigned to eliminate shoulder breaks when evaluating ultra-high-strength seals. Extremely strong seals were developed for all the ceramic bodies considered. A wide variety of sealing compositions was disclosed which produced seals stronger than those previously reported. A method to calculate stresses in ceramic-to-metal seals is theorized. Measurements of the properties of the metal and of residual stresses in seals were made, showing excellent agreement with calculated stresses.

Glass-to-Metal Seals
Glass-to-Metal Seals

Author: Ian W. Donald

Publisher: Society of Glass Technology

Published: 2021-10-10

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9780900682889

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Although many new innovations have been made in the commercial exploitation of glass-to-metal seals and related components, and the science underpinning these systems is now more thoroughly understood, many of the topics covered in Partridge's original monograph on glass-to-metal seals are still highly relevant today. This is particularly true in the areas of underlying technology, including metal and glass preparation prior to sealing, and certain aspects of stress analysis. The original monograph also continues to provide an excellent introduction to the general area of glass-to-metal systems, as well as providing an historical overview of the early work and technology in this area, particularly in relation to archaic electrical components. The primary purpose of this new monograph is to provide a thorough review of glass-to-metal seals, with particular reference to the more recent developments in the scientific, technical and commercial fields. Current applications for glass-to-metal seals are extraordinarily diverse, ranging from the humble, taken-for-granted light bulb to complex aerospace and military components developed within the last few years. New applications also continue to emerge where the unique properties of these systems can be exploited, thus making a monograph of this nature timely. It is therefore also the purpose of this monograph to highlight new and emerging fields which are benefiting from the application of glass-to-metal seal and related technologies. In this respect, the scope of the monograph has been broadened to include the related topic of glass-to-metal coatings, coatings in general having found many applications in areas ranging from domestic paraphernalia to the aerospace industry. In addition, the more recent and highly versatile glass-ceramic-to-metal systems are reviewed, glass-ceramics not, of course, having been invented in Partridge's day. Some of the newer ceramic-to-metal, glass-to-glass, glass-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-ceramic systems are also covered briefly, areas very much in their infancy in 1949.