The manual provides guidance on the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach to the prevention and control of mycotoxin contamination of foods and feed. After a brief introduction on the nature of mycotoxins and their effects on human and animal health, the document describes the HACCP system, as defined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Six examples (yellow maize kernels, maize-based animal feed, copra cake and meal, commercially produced peanut butter, apple juice and pistachio nuts) illustrate how the HACCP approach can be applied to prevent and control mycotoxin contamination.
"Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of moulds belonging essentially to the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium genera. They can be produced on a wide range of agricultural commodities and under a diverse range of situations. Due to their various toxic effects and their good thermal stability, the presence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is potentially hazardous to the health of both humans and animals. Mycotoxins may cause damage to e.g. liver, kidney or the nervous system, some are even carcinogenic. There is growing concern for ways in which these fungi and their mycotoxins can be prevented from entering the human and animal food chain. And worldwide changes in legislation ever increase the need for more precise and sensitive mycotoxin analytical methods. 'Meeting the mycotoxin menace' contains the peer-reviewed papers of the second World Mycotoxin Forum held 17-18 February 2003 in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. The book focuses on the various aspects related to the presence, prevention, control, sampling and analysis of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, foods and feeds. In this publication special attention is given to new developments in this field. The editors firmly believe that the very nature of the themes chosen and the excellence of the papers by invited experts from various disciplines will draw an audience from both the food and feed industry, regulatory authorities and science."
This book is an outcome of the MycoGlobe conference in Accra. Most of the chapters are based on invited oral presentations made at the conference. The chapters in this book touch on issues including health, trade, ecology, epidemiology, occurrence, detection, management, awareness and policy. This book serves as a source of information on the occurrence and impact of mycotoxins on everything from trade and health to agricultural production in addition to suggesting opportunities for their management in Africa and elsewhere by researchers, policy makers and development investors.
HACCP: A Practical Approach, 3rd edition has been updated to include the current best practice and new developments in HACCP application since the last edition was published in 1998. This book is intended to be a compendium of up-to-date thinking and best practice approaches to the development, implementation, and maintenance of HACCP programs for food safety management. Introductory chapters set the scene and update the reader on developments on HACCP over the last 15 years. The preliminary stages of HACCP, including preparation and planning and system design, are covered first, followed by a consideration of food safety hazards and their control. Prerequisite program coverage has been significantly expanded in this new edition reflecting its development as a key support system for HACCP. The HACCP plan development and verification and maintenance chapters have also been substantially updated to reflect current practice and a new chapter on application within the food supply chain has been added. Appendices provide a new set of case studies of practical HACCP application plus two new case studies looking at lessons learned through food safety incident investigation. Pathogen profiles have also been updated by experts to provide an up-to-date summary of pathogen growth and survival characteristics that will be useful to HACCP teams. The book is written both for those who are developing HACCP systems for the first time and for those who need to update, refresh and strengthen their existing systems. New materials and new tools to assist the HACCP team have been provided and the current situation on issues that are still undergoing international debate, such as operational prerequisite programs. All tools such as decision trees and record-keeping formats are provided to be of assistance and are not obligatory to successful HACCP. Readers are guided to choose those that are relevant to their situations and which they find are helpful in their HACCP endeavors.
Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances, which occur naturally, and can be found in food substances. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of certain strains of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and the less common A. nomius. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are the most important members, which can be categorized into two groups according to the chemical structure. As a result of the adverse health effects of mycotoxins, their levels have been strictly regulated especially in food and feed samples. Therefore, their accurate identification and determination remain a Herculean task due to their presence in complex food matrices. The great public concern and the strict legislation incited the development of reliable, specific, selective, and sensitive analytical methods for pesticide monitoring that are discussed in this book.
Codex standards for cereals, pulses, legumes and vegetable proteins and other related texts such as the Code of Practice for the Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination in Cereals are published in this compact format to allow their wide use and understanding by governments, regulatory authorities, food industries and retailers, and consumers. This first edition includes texts adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission up to 2007.
Food toxicology studies how natural or synthetic poisons and toxicants in diverse food products cause harmful, detrimental, or adverse side effects in living organisms. Food toxicology is an important consideration as food supply chain is becoming more multinational in origin, and any contamination or toxic manifestation may cause serious, wide-spread adverse health effects. Food Toxicology covers various aspects of food safety and toxicology, including the study of the nature, properties, effects, and detection of toxic substances in food and their disease manifestations in humans. It will also include other aspects of consumer product safety. The first two chapters discuss the measurement of toxicants and toxicity and the importance of dose-response in food toxicology. Additional chapters discuss the aspects of food associated carcinogenesis and food-derived chemical carcinogenesis, food allergy, pathogens associated with fruits and vegetables, and the detrimental effects of radionuclides exposure. The chapters also cover the most important heavy metal contaminants, namely mercury, lead and vanadium, and Fluoride toxicity, which is extensively discussed in its own chapter. Toxicologists, scientists, researchers in food toxicology, nutritionists, and public health care professionals will find valuable information in this book on all possible intricate areas of food toxicology.
The first edition of Breadmaking: Improving quality quickly established itself as an essential purchase for baking professionals and researchers in this area. With comprehensively updated and revised coverage, including six new chapters, the second edition helps readers to understand the latest developments in bread making science and practice. The book opens with two introductory chapters providing an overview of the breadmaking process. Part one focuses on the impacts of wheat and flour quality on bread, covering topics such as wheat chemistry, wheat starch structure, grain quality assessment, milling and wheat breeding. Part two covers dough development and bread ingredients, with chapters on dough aeration and rheology, the use of redox agents and enzymes in breadmaking and water control, among other topics. In part three, the focus shifts to bread sensory quality, shelf life and safety. Topics covered include bread aroma, staling and contamination. Finally, part four looks at particular bread products such as high fibre breads, those made from partially baked and frozen dough and those made from non-wheat flours. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, the second edition of Breadmaking: Improving quality is a standard reference for researchers and professionals in the bread industry and all those involved in academic research on breadmaking science and practice. With comprehensively updated and revised coverage, this second edition outlines the latest developments in breadmaking science and practice Covers topics such as wheat chemistry, wheat starch structure, grain quality assessment, milling and wheat breeding Discusses dough development and bread ingredients, with chapters on dough aeration and rheology
