Designing Safe Road Systems
Designing Safe Road Systems

Author: Dr Maria Kuiken

Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published: 2012-09-01

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1409461653

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Many books focus on individual differences and how those relate to traffic safety such as accident proneness, gender differences, age, alcohol, and the effects of drugs. Others focus on the safety effects regarding the vehicle such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, navigation systems, intelligent cruise control and other new gadgets coming to the vehicle. Even though these topics are undoubtedly important for traffic safety, this book takes a unique approach as it focuses solely on the road environment. Designing Safe Road Systems provides the background for those who want to know more about the effects of road design on driving behaviour. It uses a systems approach to allow a better understanding of why and in what circumstances drivers may commit errors. This understanding will ultimately lead to road systems that prevent (fatal) errors from occurring. The book contains an overview of the current models and theories about human performance and human behaviour in traffic that are relevant for all those involved in designing safe road systems. The central theme of this book is how design principles can reduce the probability of an error while driving. The authors demonstrate how knowledge of human factors helps a road authority to better understand how road users behave. They argue that in many cases the design of the environment can be further adjusted to human capabilities, and that safety should be considered a system property to be built into the road system.

Traffic Safety Culture
Traffic Safety Culture

Author: Nicholas John Ward

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2019-04-12

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1787432491

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This book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological concepts relevant to the research and application of Traffic Safety Culture aiming towards a vision of zero traffic fatalities.

Communication, Public Discourse, and Road Safety Campaigns
Communication, Public Discourse, and Road Safety Campaigns

Author: Nurit Guttman

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-06-05

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 1136154647

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This book discusses the use of communication campaigns to promote road safety, arguing that they need to elicit public discourse on issues pertaining to culture, equity, gender, workplace norms, environmental issues, and social solidarity. Increasingly, new media channels and formats are employed in the dissemination process, making road safety-related messages ubiquitous, and often controversial. Policy makers, educators, researchers, and the public continue to debate the utility and morality of some of the influence tactics employed in these messages, such as the use of graphic images of injury or death, stigmatization (or "blame and shame"), and the use of "black humor." Guttman argues that influencing road safety requires making changes in normative and cultural conceptions of broader issues in society, yet the typical discourse on road safety tends to focus on individual attitudes and practices. The book highlights the importance of social and behavioral theory in communication campaigns on road safety, and critiques the tendency to focus on individual cognition, affect, and risk conceptions rather than on normative, structural, and cultural factors. The volume positions the discourse on road safety as a social issue, and treats road safety behavior as a social activity that directly relates to other public issues, social values, and social policy, while discussing potential uses of social media and participatory approaches. The discussion turns to the role of road safety communication campaigns as part of a democratic process of eliciting public discourse, including how contemporary society could address broader issues of risk and safety.

Psychological Perspectives on Walking
Psychological Perspectives on Walking

Author: Ralf Risser

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-06-15

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 1000094448

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Psychological Perspectives on Walking provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of walking and shows how we can encourage people to walk more based on psychological principles. It examines how walking significantly improves health, positively impacts the environment, contributes to resolving social issues, and boosts the local micro-economy. This pioneering book discusses psychological motivations for walking versus not walking and asserts research-based arguments in favour of walking, including both theoretical considerations and everyday concerns. The book investigates the motivations that can lead to increased walking, advises on how to build walking-conducive habits, and recommends strategies for decision makers for promoting changes that will allow walking to thrive more easily. The authors include success stories and lessons learned from what have become known as 'walkable' cities to show how interventions and initiatives can succeed on a practical basis. This accessible, practical book is essential for urban planners; health specialists; policy makers; traffic experts; psychology, civil engineering, and social sciences students; and experts in the field of sustainable mobility. Psychological Perspectives on Walking will appeal to anyone in the general population in favour of a sustainable and healthy lifestyle.

Preventing Crime
Preventing Crime

Author: Tore Bjørgo

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-01-26

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 1137560487

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Traditional "schools" of crime prevention, like the criminal justice model, social crime prevention or situational crime prevention, have proved to be too narrow and do not combine well with other approaches. However, each of these models provides important insights and contributions for reducing crime. By extracting the main preventive mechanisms of these diverse approaches, this book develops a more holistic, general model that consists of nine preventive mechanisms: building normative barriers to crime, reducing recruitment, deterrence, disruption, incapacitation, protecting vulnerable targets, reducing benefits of crime, reducing harm, and facilitating desistance. The measures to activate the preventive mechanisms may differ according to the type of crime, as may the actors in charge of implementing the relevant measures. However, Tore Bjørgo demonstrates how his model of crime prevention can be effectively applied to diverse forms of crime, from domestic burglaries to criminal youth gangs and driving under the influence to organized crime and terrorism. In doing so, this important book will be of interest to scholars and students of policing, security studies and criminology, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

Traffic Safety Culture
Traffic Safety Culture

Author: Nicholas John Ward

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2019-04-12

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 1787146170

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This book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological concepts relevant to the research and application of Traffic Safety Culture aiming towards a vision of zero traffic fatalities.

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention
World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

Author: Marjorie Peden

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2008-09

Total Pages: 67

ISBN-13: 1437904068

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Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.

Strengthening Road Safety Legislation
Strengthening Road Safety Legislation

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 97

ISBN-13: 9241505109

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This manual describes methods and resources for practitioners and decision-makers to use for enacting new laws or regulations or amending existing ones as part of a comprehensive road safety strategy. The manual covers steps to be taken to address five main risk factors and post-crash care. It can therefore be used to: * develop an understanding of the framework of legislation and relevant processes that are applicable in a country * review current national legislation and regulations and identify gaps that hinder implementation and enforcement of effective road safety measures * identify available resources, including international agreements, evidence-based guidance and recommendations on effective measures, to improve legislation * prepare action plans to strengthen national legislation and regulations for the five main risk factors and for post-crash care, including advocating for improvement. Other important topics should also be addressed to achieve a comprehensive national system of road safety legislation and regulation; however, they are beyond the scope of this manual. They include: vehicle and helmet manufacturing standards and testing, third-party insurance, victim's rights and compensation, a graduated driver licensing system, road audits and design standards and driving hours for commercial drivers.