Humans have been facing many adversities ever since the beginning of their existence, and stress is perhaps the most commonly experienced among them. The term 'stress' refers to the psychological state which derives from a person's appraisal of the success with which he or she can cope to the demands of the environment. In other words, it is the reaction of the mind and body to change. How one responds to stress is determined by how one evaluates the change. The process of cognitive appraisal involves monitoring of four aspects of a person's transaction with his environment and the continual balance between them. The four aspects are the following: 1. Demands made on the person 2. Their personal characteristics and coping resources 3. Constraints under which they have to cope 4. The support they receive from others Stress can be experienced in a variety of situations, including family situations, work situations, interpersonal situations, academic situations, etc. Out of a number of stresses faced by adolescents and young adults, academic stress emerges as a significant mental problem in recent years."
Humans have been facing many adversities ever since the beginning of their existence, and stress is perhaps the most commonly experienced among them. The term stress refers to the psychological state which derives from a persons appraisal of the success with which he or she can cope to the demands of the environment. In other words, it is the reaction of the mind and body to change. How one responds to stress is determined by how one evaluates the change. The process of cognitive appraisal involves monitoring of four aspects of a persons transaction with his environment and the continual balance between them. The four aspects are the following: 1. Demands made on the person 2. Their personal characteristics and coping resources 3. Constraints under which they have to cope 4. The support they receive from others Stress can be experienced in a variety of situations, including family situations, work situations, interpersonal situations, academic situations, etc. Out of a number of stresses faced by adolescents and young adults, academic stress emerges as a significant mental problem in recent years.
This book explores evidence-based practice in college science teaching. It is grounded in disciplinary education research by practicing scientists who have chosen to take Wieman’s (2014) challenge seriously, and to investigate claims about the efficacy of alternative strategies in college science teaching. In editing this book, we have chosen to showcase outstanding cases of exemplary practice supported by solid evidence, and to include practitioners who offer models of teaching and learning that meet the high standards of the scientific disciplines. Our intention is to let these distinguished scientists speak for themselves and to offer authentic guidance to those who seek models of excellence. Our primary audience consists of the thousands of dedicated faculty and graduate students who teach undergraduate science at community and technical colleges, 4-year liberal arts institutions, comprehensive regional campuses, and flagship research universities. In keeping with Wieman’s challenge, our primary focus has been on identifying classroom practices that encourage and support meaningful learning and conceptual understanding in the natural sciences. The content is structured as follows: after an Introduction based on Constructivist Learning Theory (Section I), the practices we explore are Eliciting Ideas and Encouraging Reflection (Section II); Using Clickers to Engage Students (Section III); Supporting Peer Interaction through Small Group Activities (Section IV); Restructuring Curriculum and Instruction (Section V); Rethinking the Physical Environment (Section VI); Enhancing Understanding with Technology (Section VII), and Assessing Understanding (Section VIII). The book’s final section (IX) is devoted to Professional Issues facing college and university faculty who choose to adopt active learning in their courses. The common feature underlying all of the strategies described in this book is their emphasis on actively engaging students who seek to make sense of natural objects and events. Many of the strategies we highlight emerge from a constructivist view of learning that has gained widespread acceptance in recent years. In this view, learners make sense of the world by forging connections between new ideas and those that are part of their existing knowledge base. For most students, that knowledge base is riddled with a host of naïve notions, misconceptions and alternative conceptions they have acquired throughout their lives. To a considerable extent, the job of the teacher is to coax out these ideas; to help students understand how their ideas differ from the scientifically accepted view; to assist as students restructure and reconcile their newly acquired knowledge; and to provide opportunities for students to evaluate what they have learned and apply it in novel circumstances. Clearly, this prescription demands far more than most college and university scientists have been prepared for.
Managing Anxiety in School Settings dives into the growing topic of anxiety and its implications on students’ emotional and academic wellbeing, providing key insights into how to enable students to be successful inside and outside of the classroom. This book provides the reader with a tangible set of strategies for all grade levels that can be built into individualized anxiety survival toolkits for students to deploy discreetly and effectively both in the classroom and in their daily lives. With real-life examples from Anxious Annie in each chapter, readers build a grounded, fine-grained understanding of anxiety’s causes, different varieties, manifestations, social and learning impacts, and coping strategies. Breakdowns by grade level take into account which strategies your students will be most open to and best served by. School counselors and teachers can use this book to work with students individually, in small groups, classes, or even entire schools to create anxiety survival toolkits to provide practical strategies that help students combat their anxiety for the rest of their lives.
This book presents the empirical analysis on status of stress among the higher secondary students and factors determining the same and thus offer insight to critically examine the social, familial, and individual factors that pose risks for student development and identify points of intervention. This book will enable school administrators/principals understand student responses towards difficult situations, which can help in making provisions for intervention at necessary point/stage for corrective and remedial measures. It will help educational leaders to provide a school happy learning climate marked by caring and supportive human resources and opportunities for meaningful participation that can promote resilience and counteract the risk factors in a student’s life. It will also help to involve family and community members in supporting their personal or academic growth and in fighting unpleasant life experiences, strengthening child-raising skills, mentoring and tutoring students.
This book is concerned with the problem of student stress and the possibility that children and adolescents will internalize ineffective coping strategies used by adult models available to them. The introductory chapter explains a need for an educational plan to promote ways of controlling stress; recommends a systematic approach to managing stress; and describes roles of classroom teachers in helping students cope with stress. It reports that classroom management schemes that encourage student involvement, focus on positive interpersonal relationships, encourage the formation of positive self-concepts, and provide time-space arrangements in which individual and group needs can be met have been shown to promote mental health and eliminate negative stress. Chapter 2 looks at sources of stress and differentiates between adult-perceived stress and child-perceived stress. Readiness for dealing with stress is discussed and identity anxiety is presented as a major source of stress. Chapter 3 examines stress in schools and classrooms. Time, space, and human relations dimensions of school stress and classroom stress are described and the impact of classroom stress is considered. Chapter 4 presents techniques for preventing and resolving teacher, environmental, and student stress. Extension strategies involving parents and communities are discussed. Chapter 5 presents a systems approach for dealing with classroom stress which consists of assessing the classroom ecology, formulating a plan of action, and creating a productive classroom ecology. A bibliography and list of additional readings are included. (NB)
This book provides a multidisciplinary overview of the impact of human–animal interaction on well-being from childhood to later life. It presents a life course perspective to the study of human–animal interaction, addressing concepts of family and the role of pets therein, as well as the impact of companion animals on child development and successful aging. This book fills a gap in the existing literature by framing the study of human–animal interaction, including the role of animal-assisted interventions on well-being, in a broader social and behavioral context.
The two authors Schultz and Heuchert pursue in depth the topic of the psychological pain children often feel as a regular part of their ongoing school experience, a subject previously covered in their book Pain and joy in school (1973). From the perspective of a decade, the authors note that in spite of more enlightenment in the area of how to humanize the educational environment, problems continue to plague teachers in schools on how to deal with the pain children experience in their daily school lives. Covered in this book are some specific ideas/tools that educators can use to help them therapeutically assist children not only to deal more constructively with the experiences of psychological pain and stress in school but life as well.
The authors focus on how to manage that academic stress and the emotions that might interfere with academic success. They teach students ways to reduce their anxiety, increase their confidence in school, and study more effectively. Also includes case studies of real kids, self-assessment checklists, and lots of quick tips to help you stay calm on test day.
