Stabilization of Low-level Mixed Waste in Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics
Stabilization of Low-level Mixed Waste in Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics

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Published: 1994

Total Pages: 7

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Mixed waste streams, which contain both chemical and radioactive wastes, are one of the important categories of DOE waste streams needing stabilization for final disposal. Recent studies have shown that chemically bonded phosphate ceramics may have the potential for stabilizing these waste streams, particularly those containing volatiles and pyrophorics. Such waste streams cannot be stabilized by conventional thermal treatment methods such as vitrification. Phosphate ceramics may be fabricated at room temperature into durable, hard and dense materials. For this reason room-temperature-setting phosphate ceramic waste forms are being developed to stabilize these to ''problem waste streams.''

Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics for Radioactive and Mixed Waste Solidification and Stabilization
Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics for Radioactive and Mixed Waste Solidification and Stabilization

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Published: 1993

Total Pages: 20

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Results of an initial investigation of low temperature setting chemically bonded magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) ceramics as waste form materials, for solidification and stabilization of radioactive and mixed waste, are reported. The suitability of MAP for solidifying and encapsulating waste materials was tested by encapsulating zeolites at loadings up to (approximately)50 wt%. The resulting composites exhibited very good compressive strength characteristics. Microstructure studies show that zeolite grains remain unreacted in the matrix. Potential uses for solidifying and stab wastes are discussed.

Novel Room-temperature-setting Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilizing Combustion Products and Low-level Mixed Wastes
Novel Room-temperature-setting Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilizing Combustion Products and Low-level Mixed Wastes

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Published: 1994

Total Pages: 2

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Argonne National Laboratory, with support from the Office of Technology in the US Department of Energy (DOE), has developed a new process employing novel, chemically bonded ceramic materials to stabilize secondary waste streams. Such waste streams result from the thermal processes used to stabilize low-level, mixed wastes. The process will help the electric power industry treat its combustion and low-level mixed wastes. The ceramic materials are strong, dense, leach-resistant, and inexpensive to fabricate. The room-temperature-setting process allows stabilization of volatile components containing lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. The process also provides effective stabilization of fossil fuel combustion products. It is most suitable for treating fly and bottom ashes.

Low Temperature Setting Iron Phosphate Ceramics as a Stabilization and Solidification Agent for Incinerator Ash Contaminated with Transuranic and RCRA Metals
Low Temperature Setting Iron Phosphate Ceramics as a Stabilization and Solidification Agent for Incinerator Ash Contaminated with Transuranic and RCRA Metals

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Published: 1997

Total Pages: 11

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Incineration of combustible Mixed Transuranic Waste yields an ash residue that contains oxides of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and transuranic metals. In order to dispose of this ash safely, it has to be solidified and stabilized to satisfy appropriate requirements for repository disposal. This paper describes a new method for solidification of incinerator ash, using room temperature setting iron phosphate ceramics, and includes fabrication procedures for these waste forms as well as results of the MCC-1 static leach test, XRD analysis, scanning electron microscopy studies and density measurements of the solidified waste form produced.

Ceramicrete Stabilization of Low-level Mixed Wastes - a Complete Story
Ceramicrete Stabilization of Low-level Mixed Wastes - a Complete Story

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Published: 1997

Total Pages: 9

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During the last three years, Ceramicrete (chemically bonded phosphate ceramics) have been investigated at Argonne-East for low-temperature stabilization and solidification of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE's) mixed wastes, for which conventional high-temperature treatments cannot be used because of volatiles and pyrophorics present in these wastes. This paper summarizes the development of Ceramicrete and provides the current technology status. We discuss our early investigations with surrogates that are typical of DOE mixed wastes, subsequent testing with actual waste streams, and scale-up of the process to an operational level. Current efforts include testing the process at an operational level for an ash waste stream from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and obtaining sufficient information to prepare a technology performance report.