Low Temperature Setting Iron Phosphate Ceramics as a Stabilization and Solidification Agent for Incinerator Ash Contaminated with Transuranic and RCRA Metals
Low Temperature Setting Iron Phosphate Ceramics as a Stabilization and Solidification Agent for Incinerator Ash Contaminated with Transuranic and RCRA Metals

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Published: 1997

Total Pages: 11

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Incineration of combustible Mixed Transuranic Waste yields an ash residue that contains oxides of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and transuranic metals. In order to dispose of this ash safely, it has to be solidified and stabilized to satisfy appropriate requirements for repository disposal. This paper describes a new method for solidification of incinerator ash, using room temperature setting iron phosphate ceramics, and includes fabrication procedures for these waste forms as well as results of the MCC-1 static leach test, XRD analysis, scanning electron microscopy studies and density measurements of the solidified waste form produced.

Low-temperature Setting Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilization of DOE Problem Low Level Mixed-waste
Low-temperature Setting Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilization of DOE Problem Low Level Mixed-waste

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Published: 1994

Total Pages: 13

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Preliminary performance studies were done on various phosphate bonded ceramics and their waste forms, reported in a companion paper. The studies include phosphate ceramics of Mg, Al, Mg-Na and Zr and waste forms of each of these phosphates produced by incorporating 35 wt.% of surrogate ash waste. This article deals with the mineralogy of these phosphate systems and the resultant waste forms. Based on the mineralogy, we show that phosphate systems are one of the most suitable host materials for ash wastes due to formation of silica-phosphate complexes in the waste forms.

Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics for Radioactive and Mixed Waste Solidification and Stabilization
Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics for Radioactive and Mixed Waste Solidification and Stabilization

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Published: 1993

Total Pages: 20

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Results of an initial investigation of low temperature setting chemically bonded magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) ceramics as waste form materials, for solidification and stabilization of radioactive and mixed waste, are reported. The suitability of MAP for solidifying and encapsulating waste materials was tested by encapsulating zeolites at loadings up to [approximately]50 wt%. The resulting composites exhibited very good compressive strength characteristics. Microstructure studies show that zeolite grains remain unreacted in the matrix. Potential uses for solidifying and stab wastes are discussed.

Modified Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilization and Solidification of Salt Mixed Wastes
Modified Phosphate Ceramics for Stabilization and Solidification of Salt Mixed Wastes

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Published: 1998

Total Pages: 21

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Novel chemically bonded phosphate ceramics have been investigated for stabilization and solidification of chloride and nitrate salt wastes. Using low-temperature processing, we stabilized and solidified chloride and nitrate surrogate salts (with hazardous metals) in magnesium potassium phosphate ceramics up to waste loadings of 70-80 wt.%. A variety of characterizations, including strength, microstructure, and leaching, were then conducted on the waste forms. Leaching tests show that all heavy metals in the leachant are well below the EPAs universal treatment standard limits. Long-term leaching tests, per ANS 16. 1 procedure, yields leachability index for nitrate ions> 12. Chloride ions are expected to have an even higher (i.e., better) leachability index. Structural performance of these final waste forms, as indicated by compression strength and durability in aqueous environments, satisfies the regulatory criteria. Thus, based on the results of this study, it seems that phosphate ceramics are viable option for containment of salt wastes.