Maintaining and improving energy security is one of the biggest challenges worldwide. The NATO ARW conference in Tashkent, October 2012, was devoted to discussing visions and concepts that are currently discussed in different research fields. Leading scientists have written concise contributions to introduce the reader to this exciting topic. The present volume summarizes the discussions at the conference.
The purpose of this book is two fold. First to explain the properties of low dimensional solids such as electronic, vibrational and magnetic structure in terms of simple models. These are used to account for the properties of three dimensional materials providing an elementary introduction to the physics of low dimensional materials. The second objective is to discuss the properties of newer low dimensional materials not made of carbon. These are now the subject of research and describe various phenomena in them such magnetism and superconductivity.
Functional materials have assumed a very prominent position in several high-tech areas. Such materials are not being classified on the basis of their origin, nature of bonding or processing techniques but are classified on the basis of the functions they can perform. This is a significant departure from the earlier schemes in which materials were described as metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, glass materials etc. Several new processing techniques have also evolved in the recent past. Because of the diversity of materials and their functions it has become extremely difficult to obtain information from single source. Functional Materials: Preparation, Processing and Applications provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments. - Serves as a ready reference for Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science researchers by covering a wide range of functional materials in one book - Aids in the design of new materials by emphasizing structure or microstructure – property correlation - Covers the processing of functional materials in detail, which helps in conceptualizing the applications of them
Low Dimensional Materials: Bridging the Fundamental Principles to Practice Applications provides an overview of research on low-dimensional materials, devices, and their applications. There are seven chapters in the book, starting from the basic quantum theory in chapter one, to the control and characterization of the unique structures (chapters two and four), to the relation of the physical and chemical properties with structures (chapter five), and to the practical and promising applications in energy, information, and health (chapter six), before conclusions and future outlook in chapter seven. - Discusses the whole field of low-dimensional materials, from quantum mechanics and low dimensional effects to structure-property relations, various methods of fabrication and assembly techniques, and a characterization of atomic and interface structures - Covers a wide range of topics, making it a 'map' for readers to understand the fundamentals of low-dimensional materials - Written with a 'bottom-up approach, with a solid foundation of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and energy transport in low-dimensional systems
This book highlights the significance and usefulness of nanomaterials for the development of sensing devices and their real-life applications. The book also addresses various means of synthesizing functional materials, e.g., hydrothermal deposition process, electrospinning, Ostwald ripening, sputtering heterogeneous deposition, liquid-phase preparation, the vapor deposition approach, and aerosol flame synthesis. It presents an informative overview of the role of functional materials in the development of advanced sensor devices at the nanoscale and discusses the applications of functional materials in different forms prepared by diverse techniques in the field of optoelectronics and biomedical devices. Major features, such as type of advanced functional, fabrication methods, applications, tasks, benefits and restrictions, and saleable features, are presented in this book. Advanced functional materials for sensing have much wider applications and have an enormous impact on our environment.
Defects in Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel Low Dimensional Structures provides a comprehensive review on the recent progress in solving defect issues and deliberate defect engineering in novel material systems. It begins with an overview of point defects in ZnO and group-III nitrides, including irradiation-induced defects, and then look at defects in one and two-dimensional materials, including carbon nanotubes and graphene. Next, it examines the ways that defects can expand the potential applications of semiconductors, such as energy upconversion and quantum processing. The book concludes with a look at the latest advances in theory. While defect physics is extensively reviewed for conventional bulk semiconductors, the same is far from being true for novel material systems, such as low-dimensional 1D and 0D nanostructures and 2D monolayers. This book fills that necessary gap. - Presents an in-depth overview of both conventional bulk semiconductors and low-dimensional, novel material systems, such as 1D structures and 2D monolayers - Addresses a range of defects in a variety of systems, providing a comparative approach - Includes sections on advances in theory that provide insights on where this body of research might lead
This proceedings volume gathers selected papers presented at the Chinese Materials Conference 2017 (CMC2017), held in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China, on July 06-12, 2017. This book covers a wide range of metamaterials and multifunctional composites, multiferroic materials, amorphous and high-entropy alloys, advanced glass materials and devices, advanced optoelectronic and microelectronic materials, biomaterials, deformation behavior and flow units in metastable materials, advanced fibers and nano-composites, polymer materials, and nanoporous metal materials. The Chinese Materials Conference (CMC) is the most important serial conference of the Chinese Materials Research Society (C-MRS) and has been held each year since the early 1990s. The 2017 installment included 37 Symposia covering four fields: Advances in energy and environmental materials; High performance structural materials; Fundamental research on materials; and Advanced functional materials. More than 5500 participants attended the congress, and the organizers received more than 700 technical papers. Based on the recommendations of symposium organizers and after peer reviewing, 490 papers have been included in the present proceedings, which showcase the latest original research results in the field of materials, achieved by more than 300 research groups at various universities and research institutes.
Low-dimensional compounds are molecules that correspond to various shapes, such as rod, ladder (one-dimensional compounds), and sheet (two-dimensional compounds). They are ordinarily found in electromagnetic fields. Recently, versatile low-dimensional compounds were proposed for use as components of various functional materials. These new-class low-dimensional compounds contribute significantly to industrial/materials sciences. The molecular architecture consisting of low-dimensional compounds can also be found in nature. One example is the cell cytoskeleton, which is a network- or bundle-like architecture consisting of rod-like protein assemblies. The cell accomplishes its motility by structural transition of the cytoskeleton—that is, phase transition of the architecture of low-dimensional compounds in response to some stimuli induces shape changes in cells. Another example is nacre, which is composed of layered aragonite platelets, usually a metastable CaCO3 polymorph. The layered inorganic platelets give nacre its stiffness and noncombustibility. Thus, the molecular architecture of low-dimensional compounds in natural life contributes to their functionality. This book reviews various advanced studies on the application of low-dimensional compounds and is, therefore, important for the development of materials sciences and industrial technologies.
