WIG Craft and Ekranoplan
WIG Craft and Ekranoplan

Author: Liang Yun

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-12-03

Total Pages: 459

ISBN-13: 144190042X

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In the last half-century, high-speed water transportation has developed rapidly. Novel high-performance marine vehicles, such as the air cushion vehicle (ACV), surface effect ship (SES), high-speed monohull craft (MHC), catamaran (CAT), hydrofoil craft (HYC), wave-piercing craft (WPC) and small water area twin hull craft (SWATH) have all developed as concepts, achieving varying degrees of commercial and military success. Prototype ACV and SES have achieved speeds of 100 knots in at calm con- tions; however, the normal cruising speed for commercial operations has remained around 35–50 knots. This is partly due to increased drag in an average coastal s- way where such craft operate services and partly due to limitations of the propulsion systems for such craft. Water jets and water propellers face limitations due to c- itation at high speed, for example. SWATH are designed for reduced motions in a seaway, but the hull form is not a low drag form suitable for high-speed operation. So that seems to lead to a problem – maintain water contact and either water propulsion systems run out of power or craft motions and speed loss are a problem in higher seastates. The only way to higher speed would appear to be to disconnect completely from the water surface. You, the reader, might respond with a question about racing hydroplanes, which manage speeds of above 200 kph. Yes, true, but the power-to-weight ratio is extremely high on such racing machines and not economic if translated into a useful commercial vessel.

Flight Evaluation of Ground Effect on Several Low-aspect-ratio Airplanes
Flight Evaluation of Ground Effect on Several Low-aspect-ratio Airplanes

Author: Paul A. Baker

Publisher:

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13:

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A constant-angle-of-attack-approach technique was used to measure ground effect on several low -aspect-ratio aircraft. The flight results were compared with results from constant -altitude flybys, wind-tunnel studies, and theoretical prediction data. It was found that the constantangle-of-attack technique provided data that were consistent with data obtained from constant-altitude flybys and required fewer runs to obtain the same amount of data. The test results from an F5D-1 airplane modified with an ogee wing, a prototype F5D-1 airplane, two XB-70 airplanes, and an F-104A airplane indicate that theory and wind-tunnel results adequately predict the trends caused by ground effect as a function of height and aspect ratio. However, the magnitude of these predictions did not always agree with the flightmeasured results. In addition, there was consistent evidence that the aircraft encountered ground effect at a height above one wing span.

Aerodynamics of a Lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect
Aerodynamics of a Lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect

Author: Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 3662042401

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This book is dedicated to the memory of a distinguished Russian engineer, Rostislav E. Alexeyev, who was the first in the world to develop the largest ground effect machine - Ekranoplan. One of Alexeyev's design concepts with the aerodynamic configuration of a jlying wing can be seen on the front page. The book presents a description of a mathematical model of flow past a lifting system, performing steady and unsteady motions in close proximity to the underlying solid surface (ground). This case is interesting for practical purposes because both the aerodynamic and the economic efficiency of the system near the ground are most pronounced. Use of the method of matched asymptotic expansions enables closed form solutions for the aerodynamic characteristics of the wings-in-ground effect. These can be used for design, identification, and processing of experimental data in the course of developing ground effect vehicles. The term extreme ground effect, widely used through out the book, is associated with very small relative ground clearances of the order of 10% or less. The theory of a lifting surface, moving in immediate proximity to the ground, represents one of the few limiting cases that can be treated analytically. The author would like to acknowledge that this work has been influenced by the ideas of Professor Sheila E. Widnall, who was the first to apply the matched asymptotics techniques to treat lifting flows with the ground effect. Saint Petersburg, Russia February 2000 Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Investigation of Wings in Ground Effect using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Investigation of Wings in Ground Effect using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Author: Gulraiz Ahmed

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2012-07-05

Total Pages: 91

ISBN-13: 3656230463

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Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Engineering - Aerospace Technology, grade: A, University of Southampton, course: Computational Aerodynamics, language: English, abstract: Wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicles offer an exciting capability to fill the enormous void between speed of an aircraft and the payload capacity of a ship. WIG vehicles would be able to move cargo and passengers faster than a ship and more economical than an aircraft. Ground effect is a phenomenon that occurs on all wings flying close to the ground or a surface. The aim of this project is to investigate the behavior of wings (NACA/DHMTU series) in ground effect (on a fixed/variable terrain) using Fluent CFD package. The NACA 0012 and DHMTU series used in this project are designed specifically to fly in close proximity to the ground. The performance of the NACA/ DHMTU airfoils is examined for the lift and the drag coefficients at different altitudes with varying angle of attack. The results are compared to experimental data that is available to assess the accuracy of the CFD simulation.

Introduction to Avionics Systems
Introduction to Avionics Systems

Author: R.P.G. Collinson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-05

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 1441974660

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Introduction to Avionic Systems, Second Edition explains the principles and theory of modern avionic systems and how they are implemented with current technology for both civil and military aircraft. The systems are analysed mathematically, where appropriate, so that the design and performance can be understood. The book covers displays and man-machine interaction, aerodynamics and aircraft control, fly-by-wire flight control, inertial sensors and attitude derivation, navigation systems, air data and air data systems, autopilots and flight management systems, avionic systems integration and unmanned air vehicles. About the Author. Dick Collinson has had "hands-on" experience of most of the systems covered in this book and, as Manager of the Flight Automation Research Laboratory of GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd. (now part of BAE Systems Ltd.), led the avionics research activities for the company at Rochester, Kent for many years. He was awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1989 for his contribution to avionic systems research and development.

Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics
Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics

Author: Thomas R. Yechout

Publisher: AIAA

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 666

ISBN-13: 9781600860782

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Based on a 15-year successful approach to teaching aircraft flight mechanics at the US Air Force Academy, this text explains the concepts and derivations of equations for aircraft flight mechanics. It covers aircraft performance, static stability, aircraft dynamics stability and feedback control.

General Aviation Aircraft Design
General Aviation Aircraft Design

Author: Snorri Gudmundsson

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2013-09-03

Total Pages: 1058

ISBN-13: 0123973295

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Find the right answer the first time with this useful handbook of preliminary aircraft design. Written by an engineer with close to 20 years of design experience, General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures provides the practicing engineer with a versatile handbook that serves as the first source for finding answers to realistic aircraft design questions. The book is structured in an "equation/derivation/solved example" format for easy access to content. Readers will find it a valuable guide to topics such as sizing of horizontal and vertical tails to minimize drag, sizing of lifting surfaces to ensure proper dynamic stability, numerical performance methods, and common faults and fixes in aircraft design. In most cases, numerical examples involve actual aircraft specs. Concepts are visually depicted by a number of useful black-and-white figures, photos, and graphs (with full-color images included in the eBook only). Broad and deep in coverage, it is intended for practicing engineers, aerospace engineering students, mathematically astute amateur aircraft designers, and anyone interested in aircraft design. - Organized by articles and structured in an "equation/derivation/solved example" format for easy access to the content you need - Numerical examples involve actual aircraft specs - Contains high-interest topics not found in other texts, including sizing of horizontal and vertical tails to minimize drag, sizing of lifting surfaces to ensure proper dynamic stability, numerical performance methods, and common faults and fixes in aircraft design - Provides a unique safety-oriented design checklist based on industry experience - Discusses advantages and disadvantages of using computational tools during the design process - Features detailed summaries of design options detailing the pros and cons of each aerodynamic solution - Includes three case studies showing applications to business jets, general aviation aircraft, and UAVs - Numerous high-quality graphics clearly illustrate the book's concepts (note: images are full-color in eBook only)