Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Asia
Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Asia

Author: Paul CHEUNG

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-05-31

Total Pages: 142

ISBN-13: 1000879666

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Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an integral role in the growth story of Emerging Asian economies. As an essential source of foreign capital, FDI bolsters the path to economic recovery from recessions, including the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is a collection of essays investigating the reconfiguration of FDI flows to the Emerging Asian economies of ASEAN, China and India following the pandemic and FDI policy reforms. This book broadly covers the trends in greenfield FDI flows to Emerging Asia in the context of three pertinent themes. Part I explores the rebalancing effects in global FDI flows after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the experience of Emerging Asian economies. We also evaluate the nature of the pandemic’s impact on existing FDI linkages between China and ASEAN. Part II delves into the implications of a cross-border policy framework such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In particular, we examine ASEAN trade activity after China's investments through BRI. We further discuss the future of BRI in ASEAN economies amid the emergence of global competitors. Part III of the book zooms in on the effectiveness of domestic FDI policy reforms. We discuss the cases of Indonesia Special Economic Zones and the Make in India initiative. This book is written for scholars, policymakers and industrial practitioners who wish to gain more knowledge on the recent FDI dynamics of Emerging Asia.

What Is Real and What Is Not in the Global FDI Network?
What Is Real and What Is Not in the Global FDI Network?

Author: Jannick Damgaard

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2019-12-11

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13: 1513523201

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Macro statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) are blurred by offshore centers with enormous inward and outward investment positions. This paper uses several new data sources, both macro and micro, to estimate the global FDI network while disentangling real investment and phantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investor economies. We find that phantom investment into corporate shells with no substance and no real links to the local economy may account for almost 40 percent of global FDI. Ignoring phantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investors increases the explanatory power of standard gravity variables by around 25 percent.

The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Policy
The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Policy

Author: Arkebe Oqubay

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 981

ISBN-13: 0198862423

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Industrial policy has long been regarded as a strategy to encourage sector-, industry-, or economy-wide development by the state. It has been central to competitiveness, catching up, and structural change in both advanced and developing countries. "The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Policy" presents a comprehensive review of and a novel approach to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of industrial policy, providing analytical perspectives on how industrial policy connects to broader issues of development strategy, macro-economic policies, infrastructure development, human capital, political economy, green economy, and shifts in the twenty-first century. The chapters offer valuable lessons and policy insights to policymakers, practitioners and researchers in the field.

Big Data Analysis on Global Community Formation and Isolation
Big Data Analysis on Global Community Formation and Isolation

Author: Yuichi Ikeda

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-12

Total Pages: 509

ISBN-13: 9811549443

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In this book, the authors analyze big data on global interdependence caused by the flows of commodities, money, and people, using a network science approach to obtain differing views of globalization and to clarify the facts on isolation of communities. Globalization reduces international economic inequality, i.e., it allows emerging countries to catch up while it increases relative poverty in some advanced countries. How should this trade-off between international and domestic inequalities be resolved? At the same time, the reduction of biocultural diversity caused by globalization needs to be avoided. What kind of change is required in local communities to conserve biocultural diversity? On the issue of commodity flow, research results of the supply-chain network, isolation in industry, and resource flows and stocks are presented in this book. For monetary flow, ownership networks, value-added networks, and profit shifting were studied; and regarding the flow of people, linkage of ethnic groups, immigrant assimilation, and refugees were examined. Based on the resulting view of globalization and isolation, the development of the isolation index using machine learning is discussed. Finally, recommendations for evidence-based policymaking in the United Nations are considered.

Inequality and the Structure of Countries’ External Liabilities
Inequality and the Structure of Countries’ External Liabilities

Author: Philipp Harms

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2022-07-08

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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In this paper, we present empirical evidence that higher income inequality is associated with a greater equity share in countries' external liabilities, and we develop a theoretical model that can explain this observation: In a small open economy with traded and nontraded goods, entry barriers depress entrepreneurial activity in nontraded industries and raise income inequality. The small number of domestic nontraded-goods firms leaves room for foreign firms to operate on the domestic market, and it reduces external borrowing. The model suggests that barriers to entrepreneurial activity could be conducive to attract equity-type capital inows. Our empirical results lend some support to this conjecture.

International Tax Spillovers and Tangible Investment, with Implications for the Global Minimum Tax
International Tax Spillovers and Tangible Investment, with Implications for the Global Minimum Tax

Author: Mr. Michael Keen

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2023-08-04

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13:

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This paper articulates and, using newly-assembled data, explores how international taxation affects aggregate tangible cross-border investment. Spillovers from statutory tax rates abroad seem: As sizable as effects from the host’s rate; larger than previous consensus values (attributed to a systematic bias from FDI data); and consistent with ‘implicit’ profit shifting through real investment (rather than ‘paper’ profit shifting). Contrary to much policy discussion, the results also imply that: Host countries’ marginal effective tax rates have at best a weak effect on real investment; those elsewhere have none; and, applied to the prospective global minimum tax, inward tangible investment in most sample countries will increase.

Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia
Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia

Author: Sanjay Kathuria

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2021-12-14

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 1464815356

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Regional economic engagement within South Asia may gain increasing importance owing to several factors that are currently in play, including strategies to diversify global value chains and locate such value chains nearer home. These developments offer South Asia a chance to enhance its low levels of regional economic engagement and capitalize on significant unrealized development opportunities. This report shows that examining intraregional investment and knowledge connectivity enhances our understanding of the low levels of intraregional trade and limited regional value chains in South Asia. Creating a new and unique data set for South Asian investment, it provides a detailed and nuanced understanding of the drivers of outward investment, both regional and global, for South Asian firms. “Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia†? provides key considerations for policy makers in South Asia, which remain particularly relevant in the aftermath of the pandemic. First, it makes a case for regulatory relaxation of outward FDI regimes, based on new micro foundations, grounded in value chains. Second, it spells out details of smart inward FDI promotion techniques and investment facilitation. Third, it identifies distinct cross-border information-enhancing and network development activities. Fourth, it suggests that digital connectivity and continued interventions in reducing trade costs are warranted to increase investment as well as trade flows. There is particular scope to build on the digitalization initiatives in trade and investment facilitation taken during the pandemic. “Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia†? follows on, and is complementary to, the earlier World Bank report, “A Glass Half Full: the Promise of Regional Trade in South Asia.†?

The Contemporary Russian Economy
The Contemporary Russian Economy

Author: Marek Dabrowski

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-01-01

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 3031173821

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This textbook offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive analysis of the contemporary Russian economy (as it functions in the early 2020s) concentrated on the economy, economic policy, and economic governance. Chapters cover recent Russian economic history, the economic geography of Russia, natural resources, population, major sectors and industries, living standards and social policy, institutions, governance, economic policy, and Russia's role in the global economy. The book will provide a comparative cross-country context, analysing how the Russian economy and its institutions perform compared to its peers to help students and instructors understand Russia’s strengths, weaknesses, and future challenges. Prepared by a team of leading Russian and international experts on the respective topics, this textbook will be of interest to those studying Russian economics. It will be valuable reading for undergraduate and graduate students of Russian studies, the Russian economy, Russian politics, the economics of transition, the economics of emerging markets, and international relations.

Sticky Power
Sticky Power

Author: Daniel Haberly

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 0198870981

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Although modern civilization revolves around money, the nature of money is paradoxical. It is nothing more than a representation of and medium for decentralized networks of social trust, but its production is controlled by highly centralized networks of firms, places, and governments, and there is never enough of it to go around. Moreover, given that the creation of money, as credit, is based on expectations, money is at its heart an instrument for human agency to change the future. However, the financial systems that produce money are deeply rooted in the past, and perpetuate themselves through history. Sticky Power seeks to deepen our understanding of the paradox of money by introducing a novel conceptual lens, Global Financial Networks, to cast new light on the geography, history, politics, and sociology of finance from the Middle Ages to the global financial crisis and beyond. It shows that the power of finance is inherently sticky: apparently new innovations such as offshore finance actually date back centuries, and global financial networks more broadly have adapted to the rise and fall of empires and the development of new technologies while changing surprisingly little in their basic character, or at most changing very slowly. Haberly and Wójcik argue that a recognition of the mechanics of this durability calls for a new approach to reforming finance--one less reactively focused on regulation, and more proactively focused on building new institutional systems with a long-term sticky power of their own.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Economic Impact Assessment Inclusive Framework on BEPS
OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Economic Impact Assessment Inclusive Framework on BEPS

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2020-10-12

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9264494839

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In May 2019, the Inclusive Framework adopted a Programme of Work, which was endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers and G20 Leaders in June 2019. The Programme of Work outlined proposals in two pillars that could form the basis for a multilateral consensus-based solution. This report presents an ex ante analysis of the economic and tax revenue implications of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals under discussion by the Inclusive Framework as part of its work to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.